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Pharm 1 > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenergic Antagonists are also called: (3)

A

Adrenoreceptor antagonists
Sympatholytics
Adrenergic Blocking Agents

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2
Q

Adrenergic antagonists are usually ____ blockers and no ____.

A

Alpha 1 and Beta 1 blockers

No dopaminergic

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3
Q

What type of receptor is Phentolamine?

A

Competitive, non-selective alpha blocker

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4
Q

Duration of Regitine

A

Long acting about 4 hours

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5
Q

_____ is the short-term treatment of pheochromocytoma hypertension

A

Phentolamine (Regitine)

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6
Q

What is pheochromocytoma hypertension?

A

Rare tumor on the adrenal gland that causes too much secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine.

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7
Q

Antagonist for Levophed in the case of infiltration or extravasation.

A

Regitine

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8
Q

Receptor actions of Phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline, Fenoxene)

A

Non-competeive alpha-1 selective blocker

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9
Q

Duration of Phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline, Fenoxene)

A

longer

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10
Q

Phentolamine (Regitine) is the ____ term treatment of pheochromocytoma hypertension.

A

Short

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11
Q

____ is the ideal treatment for long-term pheochromocytoma.

A

Phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline, Fenoxene)

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12
Q

Phentolamine causes ____ reversal.

What changes in VS would you expect to see?

A

Epinephrine

Decreased blood pressure

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13
Q

Side effects of poorly specific alpha blockers (4)

A

Orthostatic hypotension
Vertigo
Tachycardia
Sexual dysfunction

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14
Q

Phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline, Fenoxene) is the ideal ____-term treatment for pheochromocytoma.

A

Long

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15
Q

Phentolamine (Regitine) is the short term treatment of ______.

A

Pheochromocytoma hypertension

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16
Q

Why aren’t Phenoxybenzamine and Phentolamine not used for hypertension?

A

They decrease PVR = reflex tachycardia and reflex B1 stimulation (alpha 2 blocking effect) = norepi release and increase CO = ineffective HTN control

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17
Q

Phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline, Fenoxene) is the ideal long-term treatment of _____.

A

Pheochromocytoma

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18
Q

Alpha Adrenergic Blockers: (5)

A 
Prazosin (Minipress)
Terazosin (Hytrin)
Doxazosin (Cardura)
Tamulosin (Flomax)
Alfuzosin (Uroxatral)
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19
Q 
Receptor effects of:
Prazosin (Minipress)
Terazosin (Hytrin)
Doxazosin (Cardura)
Tamulosin (Flomax)
Alfuzosin (Uroxatral)
A

Competeive and very alpha-1 selective blockers

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20
Q

Prazosin (Minipress)
Terazosin (Hytrin)
Doxazosin (Cardura)

Are used extensively in the treatment of _____.

A

HTN

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21
Q

Tamulosin (Flomax)
Alfuzosin (Uroxatral)

have ____ muscle effect and are used for ____.

A

Less vascular smooth muscle

BPH

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22
Q

Alpha 2 adrenergic blockers (1)

A

Yohimbine

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23
Q

Why is Yohimbine contraindicated in CNS and CV conditions?

A

Because it is a stimulant

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24
Q

Most Beta Adrenergic Blockers end in “___”

A

olol

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25
Q

Beta Adrenergic Blockers are widely used in medicine and choose depends mostly on ____ and ____.

A

Side effects

Patient compliance and preference

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26
Q

Dosing of Beta-Adrenergic Blockers must be ____.

A

individualized

27
Q

Which Alpha Adrenergic Blockers are used to treat HTN?

A

Prazosin (Minipress)
Terazosin (Hytrin)
Doxazosin (Cardura)

28
Q

What does beta 1 blockade cause?

A

Increase BP

29
Q

What does partial Beta 2 activity cause?

A

Vasodiltion

30
Q

All beta adrenergic blockers are ____, some also ____.

A

Antihypertensive

Block renin release from kidneys

31
Q

Inotropic and chronotropic effects of beta adrenergic blockers:

A 
Negative inotropic (decreases CO)
Negative chronotropic (decreases HR)
32
Q

Why are beta blockers a good treatment for SVT?

A

The negative chronotropic effect causes a decrease in SA and AV node conduction which lowers heart rate

33
Q

Which Alpha Adrenergic Blockers are used to treat BPH?

A

Tamulosin (Flomax)

Alfuzosin (Uroxatral)

34
Q

Beta blockers prevent ______.

A

Beta 2 mediated reflex vasodilation

35
Q

What affect do beta blockers have on BP over time?

A

Causes decrease in SBP and DBP

36
Q

Pulmonary effects of beta adrenergic blockers:

A

Bronchilar smooth muscle constriction particular in patients with COPD or asthma

37
Q

Renal effects of beta adrenergic blockers:

A

Blocks production of renin contributing to decrease BP

38
Q

Beta Adrenergic Blockers are used in the treatment of _____, but do not affect normotensive patients.

A

HTN

39
Q

Beta blocker effects on lipids.

A

Inhibits lipolysis and causes increased VLDL (bad) and lowers HDL (good)

40
Q

Beta blocker effects on glucose

A

Inhibits glycogenolysis and glucagon release which can over-synergize with insulin in Type 1 DM

41
Q

1 organ beta blockers work on:

A

Heart

42
Q

B1 antagonists block the ____ response.

A

Fight or flight

43
Q

Decreased cardiac output caused by beta blocks cause reflex ____.

A

Vasoconstriction

44
Q

Beta blockers ____ the size of evolving MI.

A

Decrease

45
Q

Beta blockers are used to treat long-term management of _____.

A

Stable angina

46
Q

Why are beta blockers used to treat HTN? (3)

A

Decrease CO
Decrease renal renin release
Decrease sympathetic outflow from CNS thus decreasing vascular tone

47
Q

____ block the fight or flight response.

A

Beta 1 Antagonists

48
Q

Beta blockers aid in the treatment of ______.

A

Migraine HA

49
Q

Beta bockers ___ recovery time post MI.

A

Decrease

50
Q

Beta blockers are used to treat ____-term management of stable angina.

A

Long

51
Q

Beta blockers can be used to treat what type of thyroid problem? Why?

A

Hyperthyroidism
Thyroid Storm

B/C these result in massive sympathetic stimulation

52
Q

Thyroid storm is very serious and can result in: (4)

A

Afib
Heart failure
Coma
Hyperthermia

53
Q

6 Beta Blocker Side Effects

A

1) Difficulty breathing
2) Arrhythmias
3) Affect triglycerides (increase bad and lower good)
4) Mask signs of hypoglycemia
5) Trouble sleeping (decreases nocturnal production of melatonin)
6) Decrease sex drive

54
Q

Beta blockers ____ the likelihood of a future MI.

A

Decrease

55
Q

3 Nonspecific B1 and B2 Blockers drugs

A

Propanolol (Inderal)
Timolol (Betimol, Istaolol)
Nadolol (Corgard)

56
Q

What are nonspecific B1 and B2 blockers used for?

A 
Angina
Arrhythmias
Hyperthyroidism
HTN
Migraine HA
57
Q

5 relatively specific B1 > B2 drugs

A 
Esmolol (Brevibloc)
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Betaxolol (Kerlone)
Nebivolol (Bystolic)
Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol-XL)
58
Q

Difference between non-specifics and relatively specific beta blockers?

A

Treat similar disease processes

Relatively specific SAFER to use in asthmatics

59
Q

Fast acting use possibly needed with asthmatics

A

Brevibloc

60
Q

4 Antagonists / Partial Agonists drugs

A

Acebutolol (B1) (Sectral)
Carteolol (Cartrol)
Penbutolol (Levatol)
Pindolol (Viskin)

61
Q

Antagonists / Partial Agonists uses and characteristics

A 
HTN with bradycardia
Possess mild intrinsic sympathetic activity (ISA)
Less cardiac depression
Less lipid dyscrasias (disease)
Not used for arrhythmias
62
Q

2 Beta and Alpha 1 Antagonists Drugs

A

Labetolol (Trandate)

Carvedilol (Coreg)

63
Q

Effects of Beta and Alpha 1 Antagonists

A

Peripheral dilation due to alpha 1 blockage

64
Q

What groups of people can beta and alpha 1 antagonists be used in?

A

Pregnancy HTN
CHF in elderly
AA with poorly controlled BP

Pharm 1 (6 decks)

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