Lecture 6 Flashcards
What is cellular respiration
The process by which plants and animals make energy
What 3 groups make up ATP
Adenine, Ribose, and a Triphosphate group
Why does the cell need energy
For mechanical work like motor proteins
To make new materials like in growth and replacement
For transport of molecules across membranes
To maintain order
Which organelle is the site of cellular respiration
The mitochondria
What determines the amount of mitochondrion’s per cell
Energy demand. This is as mitochondrion’s are the site of cellular respiration and thus increased demand means increased organelle number.
What are the three things that make up the structure of the mitochondrion
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
Matrix
What are cristae
Highly folded inner membrane of the mitochondrion
What two compartments of the mitochondrion are structurally important
The matrix inside inner membrane)
and the intermembrane space.
What are the three stages of Cellular respiration
Glycolysis
Pyruvate oxidation + Citric acid cycle
Oxudatuve Phosphorylation
Where does glycolisis occur
In the cytosol
What does glycolisis generate
2ATP (energy carrier)
And also 2NADH (high energy electrons)
How many Carbons are in 2 pyruvate
3 carbons per chain (6 in glucose get halved)
What is the second stage of Cellular respiration
Pyruvate oxidation & citric acid cycle
What happens in pyruvate oxidation
2 pyruvate molecules are
converted to 2 Acetyl CoA
molecules that enter the
citric acid cycle.
What other molecules are made when pyruvate oxidation occurs
2NADH and 2CO2
How come 2CO2 is made dyring pyruvate oxidation?
Because 2 Actyl CoA is a 2 carbon chain, so the 2 remaining Carbons from 2Pyruvate are used to make CO2
What are the outputs from the Citric acid cycle
ATP, 6NADH, and 2FADH2
What is stage 3 of Cellular respiration
Oxidative Phosphorylation
What are the two parts of Oxidative Phospholyration
Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis
What makes cristae functionally important?
Cristae increase surface area and create more space for protein complexes to sit in the membrane
Where does the electron transport chain sit
In the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
Where do the protons get pushed into from the electron transport chain
Protons are pushed into the intermembrane space using the enrrgy from high energy electrons from FADH2 and NADH
Which molecule links the
Citric acid cycle to the
electron transport chain?
Pyruvate
What does the intermembrane space play a crucial role in?
Creating the proton gradient needed for ATP synthesis
What high energy electron carrier goes straight to Complex 2 and why?
FADH2. This is because it is not as high energy and so goes to complex 2 first.
How many protein complexes are there on the electron transport chain?
4
What happens to the high energy electron carriers as they go through the electron transport chain?
They lose energy. This energy is then used to push protons into the intermembrane space and create a proton gradient
Why do we need oxygen in the electron transport chain?
Because Oxygen accepts the electrons from the electron transport chain that have come from FADH2
What happens after the electron transport chain has been used to create a concentration gradient
The protons are moved down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase. This results in the creation of ATP from ADP.
What does ATP enable
ATP enables the controlled release of energy
