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PSYC 302 > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

peptidergic C fibre

A

C fibre that contains a peptide neurotransmitter

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1
Q

peptide

A

small proteins

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2
Q

where do peptidergic C fires terminate

A

superficially in lamina 1

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3
Q

where do non-peptidergic C fibres terminate

A

deeper in lamina 2

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4
Q

where do A delta fibres go to

A

lamina 1 and 5

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5
Q

what are the two types of C fibres

A

peptidergic (CGRP) and IB4

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6
Q

why is it called NueN stain

A

stains all the neurons

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7
Q

CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) stain

A

one of the peptides in thepeptidergic C fibres and the other is called subtance P

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8
Q

IB4 stain

A

a lectin might not have any function aside from staining all the non-peptidergic C fibre.

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9
Q

what is Nav 1.7

A

a stain that stains everything

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10
Q

single cell sequences

A

technique where you can sequence a particular cell to determine how many copies of a certain gene exist

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11
Q

what does single-cell sequencing aim to do

A

look at gene expression sequencing RNA not DNA

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12
Q

there are___ neurons

A

622

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13
Q

how many of the following neurofilament heavy chain expressing NF, non-peptidergic NP, pepterdigic PEP and tyrosine hydrolase-expressing TH

A

139 NF
169 NP
81 PEP
233 TH

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14
Q

there are how many primary categories of primary afferent fibres

A

11

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15
Q

nociceptors have

A

efferent functions that go down

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16
Q

when you activate a nociceptor, in addition to action potential you get

A

axon reflec

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17
Q

axon reflec

A

when the action potential in addition to going up also turns a corner and causes the release of whatever transmitters are in those nerve terminals

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18
Q

in peptidergic nociceptors axon reflex releases what peptides

A

CGRP and substance P

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19
Q

what do the peptides released from peptidergic nociceptors cause

A

vasodilation - makes blood vessels bigger and leaky

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20
Q

what is a subtance that comes our of vasodilation

A

coming out of the arterioles is plasma

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21
Q

when the plasma is released in the tissue surrounding those arteries

A

the tissue becomes inflamed and swollen

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22
Q

what is something else that CGRP and substance P cause

A

infiltration of immune cells (which causes swelling and inflammation)

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23
Q

what is the type of inflammation caused by substance p and CGRP called

A

neurogenic inflammation or inflammation produced by the nervous system

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24
spinal reflex
quickest way for your body to escape a noxious stimulus
25
instead of long way spinal reflex does what
one interneuron foes from the dorsal horn to the ventral horn which activates the motor neurons directly and generates a movement away from the noxious stimulus
26
assuming that information will be sent up to the brain is can take
two different routes after it switches sides and gets into white matter. either dorsal column or anterolateral column
27
fro information to get to the cortex is takes 1 of 3 ways
the spinothalamic tract that goes form the spinal cord to the thalamus the spinobrachial tract goes from spinal cord to parabrachial and ends in limbic system spinoreticular tract goes from spinal cord to reticulum (midbrain)
28
spinothalamic tract is for
sensory information
29
spinobrachial tract is for
emotional information
30
spinoreticular tract is for
basic autonomic nervous system functions
31
somatotopy
concept that everything is organized by the body
32
pain above the neck is a
parallel system to the spinal system
33
for pain above the neck, instead of spinal nerves there are
trigeminal nerves (cranial nerve #5) and trigeminal ganglions
34
what are the three trigeminal nerves
V1 V2 and V3 all with dermatomes
35
for pain above the neck information is sent to the
trigeminal nerves through a-delta and C fibres in trigeminal tract; which is then sent to the trigeminal ganglions, then project centrally
36
the vagus nerve passes information
directly to the brain, bypassing the spinal cord entirely and ends up in the nucleus tractus solitarius
37
somatic means
skin, muscles, and joints
38
visceral refers to
internal organs
39
when information gets into the spinal cord for somatic pain
it does so discreetly
40
when information gets into the spinal cord for visceral pain
its all over the place which makes it harder to localize
41
infromation coming from the viscera terminates on the
same second-order neurons as somatic information which leads to referral of the visceral pain to somatic structures
42
somatic stimuli include
mechanical, thermal, and inflammatory
43
visceral stimuli include
ischemia (restriction of blood supply), distention, and inflammatory stimuli
44
the saline inside your body is exactly
0.9%
45
first study on referred pain was done by
JAMES MACKENZIE IN 1909
46
what are the three ways to do brain mapping
through lesions, through stimulation and recording techniques, and hemodynamic response
47
brain mapping through lesions
can be natural through disease or trauma induced through TMS (transcutaneous magnetic stimulation) or surgery
48
brain mapping through stimulation and recording techniques
can be direct (electrodes and optical imaging) or indirect (EEG, ERP, MEG)
49
brain mapping through hemodynamic response
measures the proxy for neuronal activity by seeing that if the brain is more hardworking, more neurons will fire and take more oxygen out of the blood supply. can be measured through PET, SPECT, and fMRI
50
areas involved in the pain matrix
the thalamus, S1 or somatosensory 1, the insula (part fo the limbic system), the anterior cingulate cortex or ACC (part of limbic system), motor 1, the prefrontal cortex, the basal ganglia, etc
51
the pain matrix is used for
acute experimental pain
52
aspects of sensory-discriminative pain
can be localized, can tell teh quality, and tell the intensity
53
aspects of motivational affective pain
tel its unpleasantness and there is a drive to escape or tend to the pain
54
pg 33 study L3
found if ppl were given a sensory hypnotic suggestion, would affect the amount of activation in S1 and id given motivational -effective hypnotic suggestion, would affect the amount of activity in the anterior cingular
55
information that affects the S1 comes from
spinothalamic tract
56
infromation that affects the ACC comes from
spinobrachial tract
57
pain asymbolia
lesions in the insula and cingulate produce a pehnomenon where people will admit that they have pain and give you intensity rating for pain but not appear bothered by it
58
senspory-discriminative aspect of pain ends up
in the somatosensory cortex
59
the effective aspects of pain involve
the parabrachial, the anterior cingulate, the insula, the amygdala, and the nucleus accumbens
60
motivation aspects of pain happen in the
tegmental area
61
descending pathways go from
midbrain down to spinal cord
62
what are the two circuits of descending pathways
PAG of the midbrain> RVM> goes through tract called DLF and into the spinal cord and synapses on the same projection neurons that would otherwise send info up - stopping the projection neuron from firing PAG of the midbrain> LC of the pons> down through tracts VLF> and into spinal cord and synapses on second-order projection neurons that would otherwise send message up- stopping projection neurons from firing
63
what three researchers are argued for theories
Ed Perl, Pat Wall and Ron Melzack

PSYC 302 (13 decks)

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