Lecture 1

Question 1

What is the relation of pain to psychology?

Answer 1

perception
emotion
strong motivator of behaviour

Question 2

Pain affects

Answer 2

psychological health and well being

Question 3

If you compare pain to other senses

Answer 3

weaker link between the stimulus and our perception of it

Question 4

Henry Beecher

Answer 4

the placebo effect

Question 5

people with __ refused narcotics more often than __

Answer 5

war wounds, injuries post-surgeries

Question 6

what did Beecher conclude from this study

Answer 6

the reason was different psychological contexts, their pain thresholds were different and age couldve been a factor

Question 7

what might have also affected Beechers study

Answer 7

time from when the injury occurred to when the question for the survey was asked. soldiers had to be evacuated whereas others were asked 4 hours post op

Question 8

osteoarthritis

Answer 8

when joints narrow, and the tissue between the joints thins until the bones touch each other

Question 9

osteoarthritis is not always

Answer 9

painful

Question 10

pain and the conditions that cause pain can be

Answer 10

disassociated from each other

Question 11

There is __ correlation between how bad your pain is and how bad your osteoarthritis is

Answer 11

NO

Question 12

pain is the __ reason to seek healthcare

Answer 12

1

Question 13

if you give surveys to people who have chronic diseases their number one concern is

Answer 13

whether their pain will be controlled

Question 14

doctors are taught

Answer 14

that pain is not important because it can’t kill you; it is the symptom of a different disease or condition

Question 15

lifetime prevalence of chornic pain is

Answer 15

1 in 2

Question 16

the chance that you have chronic pain right now (point prevalence)

Answer 16

1 in 4

Question 17

point prevalence can be affected by

Answer 17

• people dying
  new cases being diagnosed
  people recovering from chronic pain

Question 18

with severe pain men older than 51 whereas women over 51

Answer 18

tend to lose their friends whereas women tend not to

Question 19

pain is comorbid with

Answer 19

sleep problems
anxiety
depression
cognitive issues
drowsiness
lack of energy

Question 20

the direction of causation is usually

Answer 20

unclear but usually yes, it goes both directions and they both cause each other

Question 21

people with chronic pain are more likely to be at risk for

Answer 21

suicidal thoughts, ideation, and attempts

Question 22

Kaplan-Meier plot

Answer 22

starts at certain point, with everyone alive, and everytime someone dies, the line ticks down one and creates a curve to show the death rate over time

Question 23

pain increases

Answer 23

mortality

Question 24

the top 3 causes of death are

Answer 24

cardiovascular disease
cancer
pulmonary disease

Question 25

___ for headaches

Answer 25

14 billion

Question 26

____ for back pain

Answer 26

200 billion

Question 27

___ for arthritis

Answer 27

189 billion

Question 28

pain costs more per year than

Answer 28

cancer, heart disease, and diabetes combined

Question 29

pain was a direct punishment for

Answer 29

sin in the old testament: both adam and eve were kicked out of the garden of eden. even had extra punishment which from that point was why women were going to give birth in pain

Question 30

in christianity

Answer 30

jesus' pain from dying on the cross was a redemption for our sins

Question 31

the word pain comes from

Answer 31

poine/poena: the greek spirit of punishment

Question 32

aristotle

Answer 32

pain is an emotion; like all emotions it lives in the heart

Question 33

galen

Answer 33

pain is a sensation; like all sensations it lives in the brain

Question 34

avicenna

Answer 34

pain is an independent sensation from touch or temperature

Question 35

descartes

Answer 35

the first to talk about a pain pathway from the body to the brain

Question 36

people have been talking about pain since almost

Answer 36

400 BCE

Question 37

theodicy

Answer 37

the question of why god would permit evil in the world if god is good

Question 38

the mind-body problem

Answer 38

issue of how is it possible that the body can produce the minds, and they the same or are they different

Question 39

dual perspective on the mind-body problem

Answer 39

descartes; a soul lived in the body and when you died it left

Question 40

monist perspective on the mind-body problem

Answer 40

the mind is a secretion of the brain- what the brain does, feeling as though it were a separate thing is an epiphenomenon

Question 41

old definition of pain created

Answer 41

1979

Question 42

old definition of pain

Answer 42

an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage

Question 43

current hypothesis on masochists

Answer 43

they do find pain unpleasant; however pain is the only way for them to achieve sexual gratification so they make the trade

Question 44

pain could be a stimulus but

Answer 44

the stimulus/response mismatch opposes this as well as sensitization vs habitutation

Question 45

the intensity of the stimulus

Answer 45

does not predict the pain levels

Question 46

the correlation between actual phsyical stimulus and the perceptual response is

Answer 46

really good in most sensations but in pain its reall bad

Question 47

habituation

Answer 47

phenomenon whereby repeated continuous exposure to a stimulus decreases the subjective strength of the perception

Question 48

all sensations habituate except

Answer 48

pain; the longer you are exposed to pain the less habituated you get to it the more pain you feel

Question 49

much evidence shows that pain is processed in the same parts as

Answer 49

other emotions

Question 50

pain could be a

Answer 50

drive state (homeostatic emotion)

Question 51

a drive states demands

Answer 51

an action to restore homeostasis

Question 52

what is the adequate stimulus for pain?

Answer 52

pungent natural compounds noxious cold heat environmental irritants inflammatory peptides noxious mechanical stimuli

Question 53

why did they change the definition of pain

Answer 53

because things like phantom limb pain exist- meaning even though its healed it still hurts

Question 54

the new definition of pain created in

Answer 54

2020

Question 55

new definition of pain

Answer 55

an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage

Question 56

what is pain not

Answer 56

not touch (somatosensation) which means anesthesia is not analgesia

Question 57

analgesia

Answer 57

the inability to feel pain