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FBS 172 Lec > Lecture 5B > Flashcards

Lecture 5B Flashcards

Genetic Systems: Gene Flow

1
Q

Gene Flow in Tropical Forests (6)

A
  1. Pollen Distribution
  2. Pollen Vectors
  3. Pollen Transport in Tropical Forests
  4. Pollen Vectors and Pollen Movement in Tropical Forests
  5. Migration – Distribution of Genetic Information via Seeds
  6. Genetic Consequences of Seed and Pollen Dispersal
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2
Q

Distribution of Genetic Information
via Seeds

A

Migration

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3
Q

Migration

A

Distribution of Genetic Information
via Seeds

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4
Q

Transportation of genetic information

A

Gene flow

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5
Q

Plants and female gametes:

A

immobile

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6
Q

Male gametes (pollen); narrow sense
Seeds; migration

A

Mobile:

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7
Q

Closely related to reproduction and mating (pollen flow) in plants

A

Gene flow

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8
Q

Pollen Distribution (4)

A

Pollination
Autogamy
Allogamy
Xenogamy

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9
Q

From stamen to stigma

A

Pollination

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10
Q

Pollen tube growth

A

Pollination

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11
Q

Fertilization of egg cell

A

Pollination

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12
Q

no transport; Plants already receptive before flowers open

A

Autogamy

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13
Q

transport necessary

A

Allogamy

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14
Q

long distant transport of pollen

A
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15
Q

Pollen Distribution:
Occurring in low densities and asynchronous
flowering plants

A

Xenogamy:

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16
Q

Pollen Distribution:
Trees in tropics: dioecious, self-incompatible,
outcrossing

A

Xenogamy:

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17
Q

Rare in evergreen moist forests (1-2%)

A

Pollen vectors 1: Wind (anemophily)

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18
Q

More frequent in dry and semi-dry forests

A

Pollen vectors 1: Wind (anemophily)

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19
Q

Gymnosperms (partially wind-pollinated)

Pinus spp., Podocarpus spp., Araucaria spp.,
Cycas (dioecious), Cecropia (pioneer
species)

Eucalyptus (wind/insect pollinated)

A

Pollen vectors 1: Wind (anemophily)

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20
Q

Principally undirected

A

Pollen vectors 1: Wind (anemophily)

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21
Q

Inefficient in species-rich forests

A

Pollen vectors 1: Wind (anemophily)

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22
Q

Bats
Flying foxes
Non-flying mammals

A

Pollen vectors 2: Mammals
(zoophily)

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23
Q

only few birds are
pollinators

A

Pollen vectors 3: Birds

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24
Q

Flowers often big, red, no
strong smell

A

Pollen vectors 3: Birds

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25
Q

Some bat/bird-pollinated
flowers

A

Pollen vectors 3: Birds

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26
Q

Efficiency depends on
territories

A

Pollen vectors 3: Birds

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27
Q

Pollen vectors 3: Birds (4)

A

only few birds are
pollinators

Flowers often big, red, no
strong smell

Some bat/bird-pollinated
flowers

Efficiency depends on
territories

28
Q

Most species are insect-pollinated (entomogamous)

A

Pollen vectors 4: Bees and Wasps

29
Q

Hymenoptera are single most important pollinators in
both Temperate/Tropical

A

Pollen vectors 4: Bees and Wasps

30
Q

Brightly coloured, nectar producing flowers

A

Butterflies

31
Q

Less efficient than bees

A

Butterflies

32
Q

Common for Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Meliaceae,
and Apocynaceae

33
Q

Mainly in lower stratum

34
Q

Pale colour, but strong smell (like bat flowers)

35
Q

Pollinators only in tropical forests

A

Pollen vectors 6: Flies and Beetles

36
Q

Flowers often unattractive smell, traps

37
Q

Rafflesia arnoldii

Theobroma cacao

38
Q

Archetypal for angiosperms

39
Q

Many “primitive” families (e.g. Annonaceae) but
Arecaceae also (young family)

40
Q

Unspecialized flowers, allows also other insects

41
Q

Beetles destroy flowers often partially

42
Q

Pollinating Agents
Specific pollinators (2)

A

Fig-fig wasps
Bat pollination

43
Q

(obligatory
symbiosis; highly efficient)

A

Fig-fig wasps

44
Q

Pollinating Agents:
Broad spectrum

A
  1. e.g. beetles
  2. Mabea fistulifera (Euphorbiaceae): bats & opossum (night)
    • birds, large bees (day)
  3. Teak: more than 30 flower
    visiting insects
45
Q

(amount and distribution of
genetic variation within and among
populations)

A

genetic structure

46
Q

by seed and pollen largely shapes the
genetic structure (amount and distribution of
genetic variation within and among
populations) of plant populations.

47
Q

is often strongly spatially
restricted, making gene flow primarily
dependent on pollen dispersal within and into
populations.

A

Seed dispersal

48
Q

Crucial for reproduction/effective
population sizes

A

Pollen and seed dispersal:

49
Q

The number of individuals that effectively
participates in producing the next
generation; considerably less than the
census size. Evolutionary processes are
greatly influenced by the size of populations.

A

Pollen and seed dispersal:

50
Q

Drives plant gene flow, plant population
dynamics, and functional connectivity along
landscapes, and affect key ecosystem
functions

A

Migration through Seed
Dispersal

51
Q

(continuously changing
abundance of plants in space and time)

A

revegetation, recolonization, and
population dynamics

52
Q

(the proportion of realized
interactions from the pool of all possible
interactions between the species of a network)

A

the connectance

53
Q

(species and
genetic diversity), and it intimately depends on
the scale of landscape structure of habitat.

A

connectivity of information

54
Q

Seed Vectors

A

Wind (anemochory):
Water (hydrochory):
Gravity (barochory):
Animals (zoochory):

55
Q

Seed Vectors:
most important! (Wings, hairs, light
seeds)

A

Wind (anemochory):

56
Q

Seed Vectors:
More important than wind pollination

A

Wind (anemochory):

57
Q

Seed Vectors:
mangrove, river and peat forests

A

Water (hydrochory):

58
Q

Seed Vectors:
large seeded; Typical for climax
species

A

Gravity (barochory):

59
Q

Seed Vectors:
Long distant transport by rare events

A

Gravity (barochory):

60
Q

Seed Vectors:
Only by accidental dispersal by animals or humans!

A

Gravity (barochory):

61
Q

Seed Vectors:
Mainly vertebrates: mammals, birds…

A

Animals (zoochory):

62
Q

seed dispersal via ingestion;
Usually long distant transport

A

ENDOZOOCHOROUS

63
Q

E.g. Bertholletia excelsa, brazil
nut

A

EXOZOOCHOROUS

64
Q

Migration through seed dispersal
(continued)::
Typical for climax species

A

Gravity (barochory)

65
Q

Migration through seed dispersal
(continued)::
Long distant transport by rare events

A

Gravity (barochory)

66
Q

Migration through seed dispersal
(continued)::
Corythophora alta: cpDNA shows founder effects

A

Gravity (barochory)

67
Q

Migration through seed dispersal
(continued)::
Teak, some dipterocarps

A

Gravity (barochory)

FBS 172 Lec (7 decks)

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