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FBS 172 Lec > Lecture 3A > Flashcards

Lecture 3A Flashcards

DNA STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

1
Q

JAMES WATSON & FRANCIS CRICK

A

Both: Double helix structure of the DNA

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2
Q

Both: Double helix structure of the DNA

A

JAMES WATSON & FRANCIS CRICK

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3
Q

CRICK

A

Central Dogma and Adaptor hypothesis

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4
Q

Central Dogma and Adaptor hypothesis

A

CRICK

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5
Q

WATSON

A

Erwin Schrodinger’s book “what is life”

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6
Q

Erwin Schrodinger’s book “what is life”

A

WATSON

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7
Q

GENE

A

a unit of heredity

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8
Q

a unit of heredity

A

GENE

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9
Q

GENOME

A

the entire set of genes in an organism; totality of genetic component

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10
Q

the entire set of genes in an organism; totality of genetic component

A

GENOME

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11
Q

LOCUS (LOCI)

A

a fixed location on a strand of DNA where a gene or one of its alleles is located

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12
Q

a fixed location on a strand of DNA where a gene or one of its alleles is located

A

LOCUS (LOCI)

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13
Q

ALLELES

A

two forms of a gene that occupy the same position on homologous chromosomes and that cover the same trait

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14
Q

two forms of a gene that occupy the same position on homologous chromosomes and that cover the same trait

A

ALLELES

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15
Q

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)

A

material basis of heredity

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16
Q

material basis of heredity

A

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)

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17
Q

biological macromolecule for the storage of genetic information

A

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)

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18
Q

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)

A

biological macromolecule for the storage of genetic information

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19
Q

universal for all bacteria, higher organisms

A

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)

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20
Q

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)

A

universal for all bacteria, higher organisms

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21
Q

DNA can be found in

A

– Nucleus (biparental inheritance)
– Plastids (uniparental inheritance)
* Mitochondria: maternal
* Chloroplasts:
> Angiosperms usually maternal
> Gymnosperms (conifers!) usually paternal

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22
Q

– Nucleus (biparental inheritance)
– Plastids (uniparental inheritance)
* Mitochondria: maternal
* Chloroplasts:
> Angiosperms usually maternal
> Gymnosperms (conifers!) usually paternal

A

DNA can be found in

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23
Q

Each nucleotide consists of:

A
  • 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose),
  • nitrogen containing base attached to the sugar,
  • phosphate group.
24
Q

A forms…

A

2 hydrogen bonds to T,

25
Q

G forms

A

3 hydrogen bonds to C

26
Q

PURINE BASES (A and G)

A

larger of the two types of bases found in DNA

27
Q

larger of the two types of bases found in DNA

A

PURINE BASES (A and G)

28
Q

PYRIMIDINES (C and T)

A

The 6 atoms (4 carbon, 2 nitrogen) are numbered 1-6. Like purines, all pyrimidine ring atoms lie in the same plane

29
Q

The 6 atoms (4 carbon, 2 nitrogen) are numbered 1-6. Like purines, all pyrimidine ring atoms lie in the same plane

A

PYRIMIDINES (C and T)

30
Q

RIBOSE

A

a sugar, like glucose, but with only five carbon atoms in its molecule

31
Q

a sugar, like glucose, but with only five carbon atoms in its molecule

32
Q

DEOXYRIBOSE

A

almost the same but lacks one oxygen atom

33
Q

almost the same but lacks one oxygen atom

A

DEOXYRIBOSE

34
Q

The deoxyribose, the phosphate and one of the bases combine to form a nucleotide

A

NUCLEOTIDES

35
Q

NUCLEOTIDES

A

The deoxyribose, the phosphate and one of the bases combine to form a

36
Q

DOUBLE HELIX

A

bases and sugar-phosphate chain

37
Q

bases and sugar-phosphate chain

A

DOUBLE HELIX

38
Q

characteristics of DNA (DNA vs RNA)

A

Double stranded
A pairs with T
G pairs with C
Resides in nucleus

39
Q

Double stranded

40
Q

A pairs with T

41
Q

Resides in nucleus

42
Q

G pairs with C

43
Q

characteristics of RNA (DNA vs RNA)

A

Single stranded
A pairs with U
G pairs with C
Resides in nucleus and cytoplasm

44
Q

DNA OF THE NUCLEUS

A
  • Can be measured in base pairs since it is a double stranded molecule
  • Higher organisms: 108 to 1011 base pairs
  • Plants: particularly variable genome size
    > Conifers: large
  • Repetitive sequences (102 to 108)
  • Many sequences without known function
  • Note: Genome of complex organism is not necessarily
    larger than simple organisms
44
Q

DNA OF PLASTIDS

A

Chloroplast DNA: cpDNA
Mitochondrial DNA: mtDNA

45
Q

Chloroplast DNA: cpDNA

A

Approximately 120,000 – 200,000 bps

46
Q

Approximately 120,000 – 200,000 bps

A

Chloroplast DNA: cpDNA

47
Q

Completely sequenced for several plants

A

Chloroplast DNA: cpDNA

48
Q

Chloroplast DNA: cpDNA

A

Completely sequenced for several plants

49
Q

Pinus thunbergia

A

Chloroplast DNA: cpDNA (example)

50
Q

Chloroplast DNA: cpDNA (example)

A

Pinus thunbergia

51
Q

Mitochondrial DNA: mtDNA

A

Approximately 16,000 bps (human)

52
Q

Approximately 16,000 bps (human)

A

Mitochondrial DNA: mtDNA

53
Q

Mitochondrial DNA: mtDNA

A

Sequenced for human, some animals

54
Q

Sequenced for human, some animals

A

Mitochondrial DNA: mtDNA

FBS 172 Lec (7 decks)

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