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Structures > Lecture 56 Our Ears > Flashcards

Lecture 56 Our Ears Flashcards

1
Q

The temporal bone contains sensory organs for ____ and ___.

A

balance and hearing

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2
Q

Describe the temporal bone’s petrosal pathway (of CN VII).

A

first branch of CN VII is greater petrosal nerve

second branch of CN VII is the chorda tympani

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3
Q

How many ears do humans have?

A

six (three paired structures per side; inner, middle, and external ears)

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4
Q

What are the two major components of the external ear?

A

auricle (pinna)

external auditory canal

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5
Q

The external ear terminates medially at the outer surface of what structure?

A

the tympanic membrane

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6
Q

What are the three major components of the middle ear?

A

inner surface of the tympanic membrane (laterally)
ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)
communications to the eustachian tube and mastoid air sinus

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7
Q

What are the three major components of the inner ear?

A

the organs for balance (vestibular sysem)
the organs for hearing (cochlea)
path of the Vestibulo-Cochlear Nerve (CN VIII)

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8
Q

What does the Eustachian tube lead to from the middle ear?

A

nasopharynx

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9
Q

What five structures comprise the vestibular system?

A

three semicircular canals
utricle
saccule

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10
Q

What nerves comprise auricular sensation?

A

CN V (Trigeminal)- auriculotemporal branch
CN VII (Facial)- small area; posterior canal wall
CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)- medial, inner part of tympanic membrane
CN X (Vagus)- most of the ear canal
Greater Auricular Nerve (C2,C3)
Lesser Ocipital Nerve (C2)

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11
Q

What are the functions of the external ear?

A

sound capture, direction, and amplification
heat dissipation
communication and mood signaling

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12
Q

How is the middle ear kept at atmospheric pressure?

A

periodic opening of the Eustachian tube

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13
Q

What are the three auditory ossicles?

A

malleus, incus, stapes

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14
Q

The stapes is fastened into what structure, which separates the middle and inner ear?

A

oval window (of the cochlea)

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15
Q

What two muscles are found in the middle ear and are attached to the long process of the malleus and the neck of the stapes respectively?

A

tensor tympani

stapedius

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16
Q

What nerve passes through the middle ear on its way to the lingual nerve and provides taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue (SVA) and secretomotor to submandibular adn sublingual salivary glands (GVE)?

A

chorda tympani

17
Q

What two synovial joints between the ossicles can develop arthritis?

A

incudomalleolar and incudostapedial joints

18
Q

What is the most common childhood ailment in the US?

A

acute otits media

19
Q

What recess connects the middle ear to the mastoid air cells?

A

Epitympanic recess

20
Q

The malleus, incus, and stapes are derived from which branchial arches?

A

1 and 2

21
Q

What structures make up the bony cavities of the bony labyrinth of the middle ear? What are thy lined with?

A

vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea

periosteum and contain perilymph

22
Q

What structures make up the membranous ducts and sacs or membranous labyrinth of the inner ear? What are these spaces lined with?

A

Semicircular ducts, cochlear duct, utricle, and saccule

spaced lined with endolymph

23
Q

The inner ear is situated in what part of the temporal bone?

A

petrous part of the temporal bone

24
Q

Describe the orientations of the three semicircular canals.

A

one horizontal and two vertical

25
Q

What is contained within the vestibule?

A

two otolith organs, the utricle and the saccule

26
Q

Movement of the stapes upon the membrane at the oval window will commence a wave-like action that moves the fluids of the inner ear which, in turn, affects specialized cells know as what in the cochlea? This movement is sensed by what structure?

A

hair cells

cochlear nerve for hearing

27
Q

What affects the hair cells located in the semicircular canals, utricle, and saccule of the vestibular system? This movement is sensed by what structure?

A

head movements

vestibular nerve for balance

28
Q

What is described as being the functional unit of the inner ear?

A

hair cells within the organ of corti

29
Q

What is conductive hearing loss and how is it fixed?

A

failure in efficient conduction of sound waves through the outer ear, tympanic membrane, or middle ear
stapedectomy

30
Q

What is sensorineural hearing loss and how is it fixed?

A

damage of the cochlear nerve, inner ear hair cells, and/or brain (ex. presbycusis)
cochlear implants

Structures (15 decks)

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