Lecture 49 Hollows of the Head

Question 1

How many bones comprise the skull and what two parts is the skull commonly divided into?

Answer 1

22-28 bones

Cranium and mandible

Question 2

What is the neurocranium?

Answer 2

Parts of the cranium that house and protect the brain and organs for special senses

Question 3

What term describes parts of the cranium that are related to the respiratory tracts?

Answer 3

Viscerocranium

Question 4

The face and brain case describes the _____ and the lower jaw describes the _____.

Answer 4

Cranium

Mandible

Question 5

What are the three distinct types of circumscribed, “hollows” or spaces that are found throughout the head?

Answer 5

Bony air sinuses
Dural sinuses
Ventricles

Question 6

The paranasal sinuses are lined with epithelium and the sensory parts of them are comprised of what type of fibers and from what nerve?

Answer 6

General Somatic Afferents (GSAs) in the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)

Question 7

The paranasal sinuses drain into what general structure?

Answer 7

The nasal complex

Question 8

Name the four paranasal sinuses.

Answer 8

Frontal sinus
Ethmoid sinus
Sphenoid sinus
Maxillary sinus

Question 9

Which paranasal sinuses are the first to appear in fetal development at around the 4th-5th month?

Answer 9

Ethmoid sinus

Maxillary sinus

Question 10

How many pneumatized air cells are contained within the ethmoid sinus?

Answer 10

13-18

Question 11

Which paranasal sinus is proximal to the upper dentition, nasal cavity, and orbit?

Answer 11

Maxillary sinus

Question 12

Which paranasal sinus is proximal to the upper detention, nasal cavity, and orbit?

Answer 12

Maxillary sinus

Question 13

The maxillary sinus drains into the nasal cavity via the ______, a potential pathway for the spread of infection.

Answer 13

Hiatus semilunaris

Question 14

Which is the most superior of the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 14

Frontal sinus

Question 15

Which paranasal sinus is closely related to the pituitary gland, creating an important route often used in pituitary surgeries?

Answer 15

Sphenoid sinus

Question 16

The spenoid sinus drains into the ______, just superior to the ______.

Answer 16

spheno-ethmoid recess

superior concha

Question 17

The ethmoid sinuses can be grouped into these sinuses: anterior, middle, and posterior. Anterior group drains to ______, middle group to the ______, and posterior group to the ________ above the middle nasal concha.

Answer 17

Hiatus semilunaris
Ethmoid bulla
Superior meatus

Question 18

What comprises “The Nasal Complex”?

Answer 18

Nose and the paranasal sinusal system within a functional complex

Question 19

What structure drains into the ethmoid bulla?

Answer 19

Opening of the middle ethmoid sinus

Question 20

What structure is a set of “air cells” that can be found in the mastoid process of the temporal bone?

Answer 20

Mastoid sinus

Question 21

In which sex is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone more pronounced?

Answer 21

Males

Question 22

The mastoid air cells communicate with what structures?

Answer 22

Middle ear and through this to the Eustachian tube and nasopharynx

Question 23

What type of infection can migrate to the mastoid sinus and stubbornly lodge there, refusing to disengage, possibly requiring a mastoidectomy in order to evacuate the sinus?

Answer 23

Middle ear (otitis media) infection

Question 24

What is the name for the hollows of the venous system, or venous bone sinuses?

Answer 24

Dural sinuses

Question 25

The dural venous sinuses are endothelial-lined spaces between the outer periosteal and inner meningeal layers of dura mater, which all eventually lead to what structure?

Answer 25

Internal jugular vein

Question 26

What sinuses are the main drainage of blood from the brain, do not run along with arteries, are valveless, and most of their drainage is to the internal jugular veins?

Answer 26

Dural sinuses

Question 27

What structures transverse the cavernous sinus?

Answer 27

CN III, CN IV, CN VI, and the Opthalmic (CN V1) and Maxillary (CN V2) divisions of Trigeminal Internal carotid artery

Question 28

The area on the side of the nose is often called the ______ , as an infection can spread to the cavernous sinus, causing a cavernous sinus thrombosis, which affects the internal carotid artery.

Answer 28

"Danger Zone" of the face

Question 29

What type of hollow are found as a communication network of cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid CSF) and located within brain parenchyma?

Answer 29

Ventricles

Question 30

Name the five ventricles of the brain.

Answer 30

Two lateral ventricles (one for each brain hemisphere), third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, and fourth ventricle

Question 31

What structure is located within the ventricles that produces the CSF that fills the subarachnoid spaces?

Answer 31

choroid plexuses

Question 32

What condition is known as "water on the brain"?

Answer 32

Hydrocephaly, or a build-up of fluid in the cavities deep within the brain which puts pressure on the brain and causes brain damage

Question 33

There is a close relationship between CSF system and the ventricular system by the "blow offs" in what structures?

Answer 33

Arachnoid granulations