Lecture 36: Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Osteology is the study of _____.

Answer 1

bones

Question 2

Myology is the study of _____.

Answer 2

muscles

Question 3

Syndesmology is the study of _____.

Answer 3

ligaments

Question 4

Arthrology is the study of ______.

Answer 4

joints

Question 5

What are the two general categories of joints?

Answer 5

Fibro-cartilaginous and synovial (diarthrosis)

Question 6

Which category of joints allows for limited or no movement?

Answer 6

Fibro-cartilaginous

Question 7

What are the four types of fibrous (synarthrosis) joints?

Answer 7

suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis, and schindylesis

Question 8

Which type of fiberous (synarthrosis) joint is found in the skull and is important in growth and development?

Answer 8

suture

Question 9

What joint comprises teeth?

Answer 9

gomphosis

Question 10

Which type of fibrous (synarthrosis) joint is formed by bones wedged together such as in the skull?

Answer 10

schindylesis

Question 11

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints (amphiarthrosis)?

Answer 11

symphysis and synchondrosis

Question 12

Which type of cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) joint remains with cartilage throughout life? Give an example.

Answer 12

Symphysis; eg. intervertebral disc

Question 13

Which type of cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) joint is found in long bones and is often implicated in developmental injuries?

Answer 13

Synchondrosis

Question 14

Give some examples of common synovial (diarthrosis) joints. (Hint: These are subdivided by shape.)

Answer 14

“Ball and socket” and “hinge”

Question 15

The pubic symphysis, which plays an important role in birth, is what type of joint?

Answer 15

Symphysis (a type of cartilaginous joint)

Question 16

What type of cartilage is NOT replaced as part of a synovial (diarthrosis) joint?

Answer 16

articular cartilage

Question 17

What is the role of the synovial membrane?

Answer 17

Exudes synovial fluid which has lubricating function

Question 18

What are a few characteristics that are special to synovial (diarthrosis) joints?

Answer 18

Presence of synovial fluid, capsules and ligaments, and often menisci

Question 19

What are the major ligaments of the human knee?

Answer 19

Medial Collateral Ligament
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Lateral Collateral Ligament

Question 20

We have evolved three arches which transmit our weight. Name them.

Answer 20

Medial and lateral longitudinal arches and the transverse arch

Question 21

Arches are maintained by ligaments NOT muscles. (True/False)

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Name some differences between us and our closest primate relatives.

Answer 22

Complexity of our brain cortex
Throats that allow for speech
Unique functions of our musculoskeletal system (reliance on ligaments instead of muscles; fully extended knee allowing for habitual bipedal walking)

Question 23

What comprises the “unhappy triad”?

Answer 23

Damage to the medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament resulting from a lateral to medial injury

Question 24

What sections comprise the growth plate of long bones (from proximal to distal)?

Answer 24

Resting zone, Proliferating zone, Hypertrophic zone, Metaphysis (not part of the growth plate)

Question 25

Why are growth plate injuries so serious?

Answer 25

They can (and most often do) lead to permanent damage