Lecture 36: Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Osteology is the study of _____.
bones
Myology is the study of _____.
muscles
Syndesmology is the study of _____.
ligaments
Arthrology is the study of ______.
joints
What are the two general categories of joints?
Fibro-cartilaginous and synovial (diarthrosis)
Which category of joints allows for limited or no movement?
Fibro-cartilaginous
What are the four types of fibrous (synarthrosis) joints?
suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis, and schindylesis
Which type of fiberous (synarthrosis) joint is found in the skull and is important in growth and development?
suture
What joint comprises teeth?
gomphosis
Which type of fibrous (synarthrosis) joint is formed by bones wedged together such as in the skull?
schindylesis
What are the two types of cartilaginous joints (amphiarthrosis)?
symphysis and synchondrosis
Which type of cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) joint remains with cartilage throughout life? Give an example.
Symphysis; eg. intervertebral disc
Which type of cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) joint is found in long bones and is often implicated in developmental injuries?
Synchondrosis
Give some examples of common synovial (diarthrosis) joints. (Hint: These are subdivided by shape.)
“Ball and socket” and “hinge”
The pubic symphysis, which plays an important role in birth, is what type of joint?
Symphysis (a type of cartilaginous joint)
What type of cartilage is NOT replaced as part of a synovial (diarthrosis) joint?
articular cartilage
What is the role of the synovial membrane?
Exudes synovial fluid which has lubricating function
What are a few characteristics that are special to synovial (diarthrosis) joints?
Presence of synovial fluid, capsules and ligaments, and often menisci
What are the major ligaments of the human knee?
Medial Collateral Ligament
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Lateral Collateral Ligament
We have evolved three arches which transmit our weight. Name them.
Medial and lateral longitudinal arches and the transverse arch
Arches are maintained by ligaments NOT muscles. (True/False)
True
Name some differences between us and our closest primate relatives.
Complexity of our brain cortex
Throats that allow for speech
Unique functions of our musculoskeletal system (reliance on ligaments instead of muscles; fully extended knee allowing for habitual bipedal walking)
What comprises the “unhappy triad”?
Damage to the medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament resulting from a lateral to medial injury
What sections comprise the growth plate of long bones (from proximal to distal)?
Resting zone, Proliferating zone, Hypertrophic zone, Metaphysis (not part of the growth plate)
Why are growth plate injuries so serious?
They can (and most often do) lead to permanent damage
