Lecture 5.2 Flashcards
Interaction between organisms and their environment
Ecology
groups of populations that are interacting
Community
the living together of two or more different kinds of organisms, more or less permanently
Symbiosis
when one individual is neutral about the interaction and one benefits
Commensalism
The plant example of commensalism mentioned in lecture
Epifights: fungus growing on another plant
A living arrangement in which an organism lives on or in an organism of a different species and derives nutrients from it.
Parasitism
Plant example of parasitism mentioned in lecture
Mistletoe grows naturally as a plant parasite
when two organisms benefit each other
Mutualism
What is the mutualistic relationship of pea plants and nitrogen fixing bacteria
The pea plant gets a bunch of nitrogen and the bacterium gets a place to live and some sugars.
a species of special importance in a community. Ex) Beavers influence is huge on where they live
Keystone species
Interaction between organisms for a limited but required resource
Competition
a form of competition in which individuals of different species compete for the same resource in an ecosystem
Interspecific
Competition between organisms of the same species
Intraspecific competition
an organisms functional role in a community
Niche
the entire niche of the organisms, everything it could potentially do
Fundamental niche
the actual niche with competitors etc, present
realized niche
Barnacles on a rock, in some locations there are more than one species present. If just one is present then it can flourish, if both are present then it can only grow it some of the space
This is an example of
Fundamental vs realized niche
Only one species can occupy a particular niche at one time. If two species are present one will go extinct
Gause’s Principle
Explain Gause’s principle and the New England Warblers
In New England trees there were 5 species of Warbler living together. He found that each species had its own niche
Each species lived in different sections of the tree. This did not contradict Gause
refers to the phenomenon where differences among similar species whose distributions overlap geographically are accentuated in regions where the species co-occur, but are minimized or lost where the species’ distributions do not overlap. This pattern results from evolutionary change driven by competition among species for a limited resource (e.g. food).
Character displacement
The killing and eating of one organism by a second organism
Predator/prey relationship
