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SFI 142 Exam 3 > Lecture 5.1 > Flashcards

Lecture 5.1 Flashcards

SEED TESTING

1
Q

SEED TESTING PURPOSE Before collection

A

Assess crop
Test maturity

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2
Q

SEED TESTING PURPOSE During processing

A

Determine the need of after-ripening
Determine the need of drying
Determine the need of cleaning

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3
Q

SEED TESTING PURPOSE After processing

A

Determine if seed is suitable for plant production
Determine the potential for production of viable plants from the seedlot
Determine if dormancy releasing treatment is needed
Determine the appropriate sowing density
Determine if seed suitable for storage
Determine the price of the seed – seed trade

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4
Q

SAMPLING Purpose:

A

to obtain a sample of a size suitable for tests,
in which the probability of a constituent being
present is determined only by its level of
occurrence in the seedlot

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5
Q

to obtain a sample of a size suitable for tests,
in which the probability of a constituent being
present is determined only by its level of
occurrence in the seedlot

A

SAMPLING Purpose:

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6
Q

Sampling Intensity and Size:
Up to 5 containers

A

Sample each container. Always take at least 5
primary samples

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7
Q

Sample each container. Always take at least 5
primary samples

A

Sampling Intensity and Size:
Up to 5 containers

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8
Q

Sampling Intensity and Size:
6-30 containers

A

Sample 5 containers or at least 1 in every 3
containers, whichever is greater

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9
Q

Sample 5 containers or at least 1 in every 3
containers, whichever is greater

A

Sampling Intensity and Size:
6-30 containers

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10
Q

Sampling Intensity and Size:
31-400 containers

A

Sample 10 containers or at least 1 in every 5
containers, whichever is greater.

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11
Q

Sample 10 containers or at least 1 in every 5
containers, whichever is greater.

A

Sampling Intensity and Size:
31-400 containers

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12
Q

Sampling Intensity and Size:
401 or more containers

A

Sample 80 containers or at least 1 in every 7
containers, whichever is greater.

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13
Q

Sample 80 containers or at least 1 in every 7
containers, whichever is greater.

A

Sampling Intensity and Size:
401 or more containers

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14
Q

rectangular ports are held in a frame, the ports alternately opening to the left and right.

A

Soil or Rifle Divider

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15
Q

rectangular ports are held in a frame, the ports alternately opening to the left and right.

A

Soil or Rifle Divider

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16
Q

Soil or Rifle Divider

A

rectangular ports are held in a frame, the ports alternately opening to the left and right.

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17
Q

is a probe, long enough to reach all areas of the container and designed to remove an equal volume of seed from each area through which it travels (also named stick sampler).

A

Seed Trier

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18
Q

Seed Trier

A

is a probe, long enough to reach all areas of the container and designed to remove an equal volume of seed from each area through which it travels (also named stick sampler).

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19
Q

Sampling Instruments (4)

A

Soil or Rifle Divider
Seed Trier
Inverted cone divider
Seed dividers

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20
Q

Purpose: To determine the composition by weight of the sample being tested.

A

Purity Analysis

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21
Q

Purity Analysis purpose

A

To determine the composition by weight of the sample being tested.

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22
Q

Procedure:
Working sample should contain at least 2,500 seeds. Separate working sample into pure seed, other seed and inert matter.

A

Purity Analysis

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23
Q

Purity Analysis Procedure

A

Working sample should contain at least 2,500 seeds. Separate working sample into pure seed, other seed and inert matter.

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24
Q

Purity Analysis:
includes undersized, shriveled, immature and germinated seed, provided they can be definitively identified as the species under consideration. It also includes seed pieces resulting from breakage that are more than half their original size.

A

Pure seed

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25
Q

Pure seed

A

includes undersized, shriveled, immature and germinated seed, provided they can be definitively identified as the species under consideration. It also includes seed pieces resulting from breakage that are more than half their original size.

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26
Q

pure seed of other species.

A

Other seed

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27
Q

Other seed

A

pure seed of other species.

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28
Q

comprises seed-derived structures like seed-wings as well as other matter not defined as pure seed.

A

Inert matter

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29
Q

Inert matter

A

comprises seed-derived structures like seed-wings as well as other matter not defined as pure seed.

30
Q

Number of seed per unit weight test PURPOSE

A

Allows calculation of weight of seed to be sown
Seed weight is positively related to seed quality

31
Q

Allows calculation of weight of seed to be sown
Seed weight is positively related to seed quality

A

Number of seed per unit weight test PURPOSE

32
Q

Number of seed per unit weight test Procedure:

A

1.Eight (8) random replicates of 100 pure seeds.
2.The 8 reps are weighed individually.
3.Calculate the number of seed per kilogram as follows:
4. Compute for the coefficient of variation as:
5.

33
Q

Crucial during seed storage and handling
Determines the biochemical and physiological
activity of the seed

A

Moisture Content

34
Q

Moisture Content

A

Crucial during seed storage and handling
Determines the biochemical and physiological
activity of the seed

35
Q

Establish the maximum number of seeds which can germinate under optimum conditions in terms of light, moisture and temperature.

A

Germination Test

36
Q

Germination Test purpose

A

Establish the maximum number of seeds which can germinate under optimum conditions in terms of light, moisture and temperature.

37
Q

Germination Test
Why use standardized ideal conditions?

A
  1. Difference between results can be ascribed to true difference between seed
    samples and not to different test methods.
  2. Results obtained for a given seedlot in one laboratory should be identical to
    results obtained in any other laboratory, i.e. results are reproducible.

The germination capacity is not equal to the field nursery germination but
in most cases the two figures are strongly related.

38
Q

Germination Test
General Principles

A

Consists of 4 reps at 100 seeds per rep
* Uniformly spread the seed, 1.5-5 X the seed width
* Very small seed like Eucalyptus is tested by weight 4 replicates of 0.1 to 1.0 g. Germination is expressed as number of germinants per gram.

39
Q

Germination

A

emergence and development of
the seedling to a stage where the
aspect of its essential structures
indicates whether or not it is able
to develop further into a
satisfactory plant under favorable
conditions in the soil

40
Q

emergence and development of
the seedling to a stage where the
aspect of its essential structures
indicates whether or not it is able
to develop further into a
satisfactory plant under favorable
conditions in the soil

A

Germination

41
Q

– intact seedlings with all essential structures (i.e. root, shoot axis, cotyledons, terminal bud), complete healthy and well-developed. Included also are seedlings with slight defects but capable of developing into satisfactory plants, and seedlings which have been infected secondarily.

A

Normal Germinants

42
Q

Normal Germinants

A

– intact seedlings with all essential structures (i.e. root, shoot axis, cotyledons, terminal bud), complete healthy and well-developed. Included also are seedlings with slight defects but capable of developing into satisfactory plants, and seedlings which have been infected secondarily.

43
Q

Abnormal seedlings

A

seedlings which are discolored, glassy,
split, broken, stunted, twisted, missing parts, etc.

44
Q

seedlings which are discolored, glassy,
split, broken, stunted, twisted, missing parts, etc.

A

Abnormal seedlings

45
Q

which did not absorb water due to impermeable seedcoat

A

Hard seeds

46
Q

Hard seeds

A

which did not absorb water due to impermeable seedcoat

47
Q

other than hard seeds which failed to germinate but
remain clean and firm and probably have the potential to germinate

A

Fresh seeds

48
Q

Fresh seeds

A

other than hard seeds which failed to germinate but
remain clean and firm and probably have the potential to germinate

49
Q

seedlings which at the end of the test have failed to germinate and are neither hard nor fresh

A

Dead seeds

50
Q

Dead seeds

A

seedlings which at the end of the test have failed to germinate and are neither hard nor fresh

51
Q

Classification of Germinants

A

Hard seeds
Fresh seeds
Dead seeds
Empty seeds
Insect-damaged seeds

52
Q

Measure of how fast, uniform and energetic their germination is.

A

Germinative Energy

53
Q

Germinative Energy (#1)

A

Measure of how fast, uniform and energetic their germination
is.

54
Q

Percentage of seeds that have germinated within a given period,
e.g. day 7 or day 10 after sowing.

A

Germinative Energy

55
Q

Germinative Energy (#2)

A

Percentage of seeds that have germinated within a given period,
e.g. day 7 or day 10 after sowing.

56
Q

Percentage of seed that has germinated up to the time of peak germination, i.e. the time when the highest number of seed per time unit has germinated.

A

Germinative Energy

57
Q

Germinative Energy (#3)

A

Percentage of seed that has germinated up to the time of peak germination, i.e. the time when the highest number of seed per time unit has germinated.

58
Q

endosperm is of normal color and texture with well-developed embryo

A

Good seed

59
Q

Good seed

A

endosperm is of normal color and texture with well-developed embryo

60
Q

Distinguishes between living and dead tissues

A

Indirect Tests of Viability…
Topographical tetrazolium test

61
Q

Indirect Tests of Viability…
Topographical tetrazolium test

A

Distinguishes between living and dead tissues

62
Q

Simple and economical

A

Indirect Tests of Viability…
Hydrogen Peroxide Method

63
Q

Indirect Tests of Viability…
Hydrogen Peroxide Method

A

Simple and economical

64
Q
  • Used for slow-germinating or dormant seeds
  • Performed on 400 seeds, some seeds used as replacement for damaged seeds
  • Seed is imbibed followed by embryo excision
  • Moderately aseptic working conditions, use 70% alcohol solution
A

Indirect Tests of Viability…
Excised embryo test

65
Q

Indirect Tests of Viability…
Excised embryo test

A
  • Used for slow-germinating or dormant seeds
  • Performed on 400 seeds, some seeds used as replacement for damaged seeds
  • Seed is imbibed followed by embryo excision
  • Moderately aseptic working conditions, use 70% alcohol solution
66
Q
A

Indirect Tests of Viability…
X-ray Test

67
Q

Indirect Tests of Viability…
X-ray Test

A
  • X-ray radiography is a quick and non destructive test to determine or distinguish: filled, empty, insect- and physically-damaged seed, degree of seed development, number of seeds in a fruit and viability
  • Contrast agents could be used like: BaCl or chloroform
68
Q

Purpose: determine the health status of a seedlot

A

Seed health test

69
Q

Seed health test

A

Purpose: determine the health status of a seedlot

70
Q

Seed health test Importance: (3)

A

1.Seed-borne inoculum may give rise to progressive disease development in the nursery/field and reduce the commercial value of the crop

2.Imported seedlots may introduce diseases into new regions; tests to meet quarantine requirements may therefore be necessary.

3.Seed health testing may explain seedling evaluation and causes of poor germination or field establishment and thus supplement germination testing.

71
Q

The results of the seed testing is useful not only in determining the planting value of a seed lot but also in calculating the amount of seed to be sown in the nursery.

A

Calculating amount of seed needed

72
Q

Calculating amount of seed needed

A

The results of the seed testing is useful not only in determining the planting value of a seed lot but also in calculating the amount of seed to be sown in the nursery.

SFI 142 Exam 3 (3 decks)

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