Lecture 5 - Xenobiotics Flashcards
toxicities:
acetaminophen is an example of a ____-based toxicant;
organophosphates are an example of a _____-based toxicant
metabolic;
enzyme
toxicities:
opioids are an example of a ____-based toxicant;
alcohol is an example of a _______
receptor;
direct CNS depressant
3 primary targets of acetaminophen:
_____ depletion;
_____ accumulation;
_____ generation
ATP;
Ca;
ROS/RNS
acetaminophen:
at normal doses, most is either 1. acted on by _____ and excreted in the urine or 2. _____;
small amount undergoes CYP metabolism but detoxification occurs via ______
UDP-glucuronyl transferase;
sulfated;
glutathione
acetaminophen:
what is the toxic metabolite produced called?
glutathione _____ leads to _____ toxicity
NAPQI;
depletion, liver
alcohol induces _____ = increased risk of acetaminophen toxicity; does induction of UDP-glucuronyl transferase increase or decrease toxicity?
CYP2E1;
decrease
in addition to direct cytotoxic effects, liver damage with acetaminophen also occurs due to a _____ response
inflammatory
_____must be administered before ____ hours to be of use in acetaminophen toxicity
N-acetylcysteine 24
what does N-acetylcysteine do?
regenerates glutathione
what is the typical cause of death with opioid overdose?
CNS respiratory depression
Naloxone has a higher or lower affinity to the opiod receptor than most opioids?
is it longer or shorter acting?
higher,
shorter acting
organophosphate:
mechanism of action?
usually seen in ______
AchEsterase inhibitor;
pesticides (So farmers)
Ach and organophosphates bind to the _____ site of AchEsterase
serine (esteric)
with “aging”, a _____ bond between serine and the organophosphate forms, causing _____ inactivation
covalent;
irreversible
alcohol operates under _____ order kinetics, ie constant _____ of drug is eliminated per unit time
0;
amount
