Lecture 1 - Cancer intro

Question 1

benign vs malignant:
metastasize = 
mobile = 
fixed = 
low nuclear to cytoplasm ratio = 
decreased apoptosis =

Answer 1

malignant;
benign;
malignant;
benign;
malignant

Question 2

top 3 cancers by incidence:
male =
female =

Answer 2

M = prostate, lung, colon;
f = breast, lung, colon

Question 3

top 3 cancers by mortality:
M =
F =

Answer 3

M = lung, prostate, colon;
F = lung, breast, colon

Question 4

carcinomas arise from ______; they typically metastasize via ______

sarcomas arise from _____. they spread via _____

Answer 4

epithelium; lymphatics;

connective tissue, blood

Question 5

the primary target of anticancer drugs is _____

Answer 5

cell proliferation

Question 6

_____ cells have lost the capacity to divide. they remain in ___. name some examples

Answer 6

static/permanent;
G0;
neurons, skeletal/cardiac muscle

Question 7

_____ type/stable cells enter ____ from G 0 when stimulated. name an example

Answer 7

expanding;
G1;
hepatocytes (lymphocytes, PCT)

Question 8

____ type/labile cells divide rapidly with a short ____. name 2 examples

Answer 8

renewing;
G1;
bone marrow, skin, gut epithelium

Question 9

which of the cell types is most affected by chemo?

Answer 9

renewing/labile type

Question 10

the growth/proliferating fraction of a tumor is the percentage of cells initiating _____ per given interval

Answer 10

DNA interval

Question 11

the current theory of tumor spread is that ____ ____ and ____ ____ appear somewhat in parallel

Answer 11

lymph node, distant mets

Question 12

curable cancers with chemo are more common in ____, due to high growth fraction/short doubling time = more sensitive to drugs

Answer 12

kids

Question 13

cancer terms:
_____ = high dose chemo given initially to induce complete remission

_____ = long-term, lower dose chemo in patient who has achieved remission

Answer 13

induction;

maintenence

Question 14

cancer treatment terms:
____ is repetition of of the induction regimen in a patient who has had complete remission, with the goal of prolonging remission

Answer 14

consolidation

Question 15

____ therapy is a short dose of high dose chemo in a patient with no evidence of residual disease, with the goal of destroying the low number of residual tumor cells. ____ is when it is given in the preoperative period

Answer 15

adjuvant;

neoadjuvant

Question 16

_____ therapy is repetitive long term treatment with low doses of chemo to minimize toxic side effects

Answer 16

metronomic

Question 17

log cell kill hypothesis:

a given dose kills a constant _____ of a ____ _____ Rather than a constant ____ of cells

Answer 17

proportion, cell population;

number

Question 18

what is the therapeutic index as regards to chemo?

Answer 18

ratio of TD50 for normal cells / TD50 or ED50 forr cancer cells

Question 19

class 1 antiproliferative drugs act in what part of the cell cycle?

Answer 19

all parts – affects both normal and tumor cells

Question 20

class 2 drugs are ____ specific agents. these drugs reach a ____ in cell killing with ____ doses

Answer 20

phase;
plateau;
increasing

ie act in only 1 phase of cell cycle

Question 21

class 3 drugs are called ___ _____ agents. they can damage proliferating cells in various phases of the cell cycle

Answer 21

cycle specific