Lecture 3 - Cancer Potpurri Flashcards
chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting is mediated by the emesis center in the _____
medulla
_____ is a dopamine antagonist used to reduce vomiting that does not cross the BBB very well = less risk of _____ side effects
domperidone;
extrapyramidal
what anti-histamine blocks dopamine receptors as well and is used to treat vomiting?
promethazine
_____ antagonizes 5HT3 receptors and also decreases _____ stimulation
ondansetron, vagal
what drug can cause GI perforation?
bevacizumab
the small molecule Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors lapatinib, sunitinib, and pazopanib all can cause ____ toxicity
liver
which cancer drug class classically causes more severe bone marrow suppression?
alkylating agents ie cyclophosphamide/busulfun
cell cycle NON SPECIFIC
what is the order of hematologic toxicity, for RBCS, platelets, PMNs
neutropenia first –> thrombocytopenia (Esp nitrosureas) –> anemia
what can be used to treat/prevent neutropenia?
GM-CSF
name 2 drugs that have a side effect of increased risk hemorrhage
bevacizumab
sorafenib/carfilzomib
also ponatinib
____ can cause photosensitivy/severe sunburn
5-FU;
also MTX
doxorubicin and dactinomycin are associated with _____ ____ reaction, when a drug causes an inflammatory rxn to a tissue previously exposed to radiotherapy
radiation recall
tyrosine kinase inhibitors and EGFR antibodies both cause a ____ rash. this correlates with a _____ response rate and outcome
acneiform;
higher
what drug can cause hemorrhagic cystitis?
what do you use to prevent it?
cyclophosphamide/isofosfamide;
MESNA and hydration
premedication is mandatory for all patients treated with _____ to prevent hypersensitivity reactions
taxols (paclitaxel)
what 3 drugs are associated with severe extravasation reactions?
anthracyclines, nitrogen mustards, vinca alkaloids
what anti-cancer drug can cause:
bladder cancer =
sterility/infertility =
nephrotoxicty and deafness =
cyclophosphamide; alkylating agents (ie cyclophosphamide;
cisplatin
the use of a ____ carrier with doxorubicine has reduced cardiac toxicity
liposomal
sirolimus/rapamycin can cause what 2 metabolic toxicities?
insulin resistance;
hyperlipidemia
hypertension is seen with drugs that inhibit _____
angiogenesis
what is the main reason for anti-cancer treatment failure?
chemoresistance
an increase in drug efflux is coded for by the _____ gene. this causes increased expression of _____
multi-drug resistance;
P-glycoprotein (a drug transport protein)
combination chemotherapy regimens reduce both ____ and ______
tumor resistance;
toxicity
in theory
_____ therapy is chronic, equally spaced low doses of drug without extended rest periods
metronomic
______ is a new drug that targets cyclin dependent kinases
flavopiridol
also downregulates VEGF
causes neutropenia and diarrhea
____ ____ is using drugs other than anticancer drugs to weaken pathways that enable cancer cells to survive
drug repositioning
