LECTURE 5 (Urine collection)

Question 1

Why do we need proper collection of specimens?

Answer 1

• Important to maximise the outcome of laboratory tests for diagnosis of infectious diseases
• lab tests are used for presumptive/definitive diagnosis

Question 2

What are the different urine collection methods?

Answer 2

• Random voided = any specimen provided by patient
• Midstream voided = no skin prep + urine collected 2-3 secs after start of urination
• Clean catch = antiseptic cleaning of urethral area
• Midstream clean catch = cleaning + midstream collection
• Catheterised = obtained from a new placed catheter [MOST PRECISE]

Question 3

What are the major methods of urine collection?

Answer 3

• Voided (toilet)
• Transurethral (Intro the bladder)
• Suprapubic (injection into the bladder)

Question 4

What are the different types of urine collection?

Answer 4

• Random specimen
• First morning specimen
  [specimen of choice since urine is more concentrated]
• Midstream clean catch specimen
  [preferred for culture + sensitivity testing bc of reduced cellular + microbial contamination]

Question 5

When collecting urine from an already catheterised patient, why can you not collect it from the drainage bag?

Answer 5

Since it is not fresh and has had an opportunity to grow bacteria at room temperature

Question 6

What is Catheter collection specimen?

Answer 6

An assisted procedure conducted when a patient is bedridden or cannot urinate independently

HOW IS IT CONDUCTED?
The healthcare provider inserts a Foley catheter into the bladder through the urethra to collect the urine specimen

Question 7

How does collecting urine in infants and young children differ from that of adults?

Answer 7

In infants, a urinary collection bag is attached over the labia in girls or a boy’s penis to collect the specimen

Question 8

What must happen before collecting a urine sample from infants?

Answer 8

• Encourage oral fluid intake
• Infant’s genitals are cleans + baby is held under the armpits with legs dangling
• Bladder stimulation (gentle tapping in suprapubic area at a rate of 10 taps per minute for 30 secs)
• Paravertebral zone (small of lower back) is massaged in light circular motion for 30 secs

Question 9

Describe sending the specimen to the laboratory

Answer 9

• Should be refrigerated if >1hour
• After 24 hours use chemical preservation