LECTURE 13 (Contraception) Flashcards
What is Contraception?
The act of preventing pregnancy. It can be a device, a medication, a procedure or a behaviour.
What is the need for contraception?
- To avoid unwanted pregnancies
- To regulate the timing of pregnancy
- To regulate the interval between pregnancy
What are the different barrier methods?
- Male condoms
[protects against STIs] - Female condoms
[protects against STIs] - Diaphragm
[doesn’t protect against STIs since only covers cervix not vagina] - Spermicides
How long does the diaphragm need to be left in place for after sex?
6 hours
What are spermicides?
Birth control that has chemicals that slow sperm down to make it harder for them to swim to an egg [DURATION IS NO MORE THAN 1 HOUR!!!]
What are the different forms of spermicides?
- Foams
- Creams
- Suppositories
- Soluble films
How long can different forms of IUDs be used for?
- Copper IUD = 10 years
- 13.5mg hormonal IUD = 3 years
- 19.5mg and 52mg hormonal IUD = 5 years
When can IUDs be placed?
- Immediately postpartum within 10 mins of delivery of placenta
- Delayed postpartum within 4-6 weeks of delivery
- Post-abortion (if not a septic abortion)
What are the side effects of IUD?
- Bleeding/spotting between periods
- Pain when the IUD is put in
- Cramping/back aches for a few days after IUD is put in or worse menstrual cramps
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Perforation of uterus
- Ectopic pregnancy
What are the different hormonal contraceptives?
- Combined pill
[estrogen + progesterone] - Progesterone only pill
- Post-coital contraception (PLAN B)
[Levonorgestrel, Ulipristal, Mifepristone]
What are the benefits of hormonal contraception?
- Effective pregnancy prevention
- Menstrual cycle regulation
- Treatment of gynaecological conditions
[endometriosis, PCOS, menstrual disorders]
When are contraceptive injections taken?
Every 3 months
EXPLANATION:
DMPA-150mg IM injections every 3 months
What are subdermal implants?
Thin, pliable progestin containing cylinders implanted sub-dermally and release hormones over 5 years
ADDITIONAL INFO:
Each “Norplant” stick contains 35mg of Levonorgestrel
What is Nexplanon?
A single rod implant with 68mg of Etonogestrel covered by an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer cover
PLACEMENT:
sub-dermally on the medial surface of upper arm 8-10cm from elbow in the biceps groove + aligned with the long axis of the arm
TIME:
3 years
What are the benefits of Female sterilisation?
- Permanent and irreversible form of contraception
- High effectiveness
