Lecture 5 - Ultrasound Continued Flashcards
List coupling agents
Gel Petroleum based creams Water based lotions Immersion in Water –¼ inch to ½ inch from treatment area Temperature of Coupling Agent Phonophoresis
What is phonophoresis?
Processes by which we administer topical medication directly to the lesion site
- sometimes people cant take pills orally due to contraindication, same for injection so this is an alternative
Why do you think phonophoresis gets medication to the area faster?
-the whole idea is to bypass the bodies digestive process
How do you think phonophoresis works?
Driving medication directly through the tissue
What is one thing that limits phonophoresis effectiveness?
- limited by the frequency of the sound head your using with regard to depth of penetration
What do you feel during each application to the quadriceps?
Continuous - Gentle warming
In general don’t feel a whole lot other then gentle heating
The patient will likely feel nothing and you will need to be able to explain why
What is Half –Value, Half Layer Rate
Frequency dependent
Always want to target 50% with regard to depth of lesion
why would you not want to target a lesion deeper then half value layer?
- Not very effective - when you calculate chosen intensity calculate it based upon depth you can reach with a particular frequency
the higher the frequency the less ____ of penetration
depth
What is the penetration depth according to Starkey for 1MHz and 3MHz
1.5cm to 2cm with a 3Mhz with a 1MHz head 5cm - that is the max or half value distance as referenced in starkey
What does ERA stand for?
Effective radiating area (The amount of head that actually emulates the sound wave
Recognize ERA and actual size of the head are not the same
Why is ERA important?
Dictates how large of a lesion you can treat - which is 2x the size of the ERA
What is BNR?
Mass produced crystals will always have microimperfections and these imperfections will cause random peaks in the sound waves
What ratio of BNR is the limit?
8:1
elsa personally wouldnt use it beyond a ratio of 6:1
What does a BNR of 8:1 mean?
8:1 means 8 times the normal intensity
EXAM Q: What is Elsa and Starkey’s limit for BNR?
6:1
Ultrasound is used as one part of the rehabilitation process before exercising because….
- Thermal effects: increase tissue temperature
- Allows tissue to stretch easier, gaining increase in rang of motion priming well for exercise - Mechanical effects: even non-thermal effects break up waste products increasing cell diffusion and easily dissipated with subsequent exercise
- The waste products is causing some of the limitation in ROM
- Increased ROM will prime the patient for exercise
What must you know prior to ultrasound application?
Physiological effects
Therapeutic effects
Needs of the injured tissue
Why must you know the needs of the injured tissue prior to ultrasound application?
Heat in general and ultrasound respond to different type of tissues in different ways so knowing the type of tissue that is injured will help you get to where you want to go
What must you find out to determine dosage for ultrasound?
- Establish stage of healing
- Depth of the lesion
- Damage to tissue
The goals of the treatment and the ____ of the ultrasound must align
Dosage
- first and foremost determine aims of treatment
Increased frequency = ____ wavelength
Decreased
Increased frequency = ____ in height of waves
Decreased
Increased frequency = ____ tissue depth of penetration
Decreased