Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

List the types of Pain Modulation Modalities

A
  • TENS
  • NMES
  • IFC
  • Ultrasound
  • Laser
  • Cryotherapy
  • Thermotherapy
  • Exercise
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2
Q

Why is NMES used?

A
  • used to elicit a contraction

- used to fend off atrophy, re-educate muscle fibres & increase strength potential of a muscle

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3
Q

Edema Reduction Modalities are Contingent on what 3 factors?

A

1) Capillary Filtration Pressure - contents from capillary outward to the tissue
2) Tissue Hydrostatic Pressure - fluids moved from tissues into the capillaries
3) Hydrostatic Pressure - blood pressure within that capillary

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4
Q

Why is Edema Reduction Important?

A
  • edema is a major contributing factor to the injury cycle
  • edema clogs vascular & cellular spaces, preventing O2 from reaching tissues & causing further cell death
  • delays cellular regeneration & encourages improper collagen formation
  • must attempt to remove edema from injury side through increased venous return, increased lymphatic flow or increased blood circulation
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5
Q

What modalities can be used for Edema Reduction?

A
  • Cryotherapy
  • Exercise
  • NMES
  • Therapeutic Massage
  • Intermittent compression units
  • ultrasound
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6
Q

What tools are used for Cryotherapy?

A
  • Ice Pack
  • Gel Pack
  • Ice Massage
  • Ice Immersion
  • Cold Whirlpool
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7
Q

What tools are used for Therotherapy?

A
  • Warm Hydrocollator Packs
  • Warm Whirlpool
  • Paraffin Wax
  • Ultrasound
  • Exercise
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8
Q

What are the 2 types of electrotherapy? Describe them.

A
Low Frequency Units
  - High Volt Uninterrupted DC
  -High Volt Interrupted DC
-TENS
-NMES (small units)
Medium Frequency Units
  - Inferential Units
  -NMES - multi-units
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9
Q

What are types of Sound & Light Energy?

A
  • High Frequency (Therapeutic Ultrasound)
  • Infrared Laser
  • Helium Neon Laser
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10
Q
Each modality...
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
  1. Penetrates to different depths
  2. Responds differently to tissues, structures & interfaces
  3. Is absorbed, reflected, refracted or transmitted differently through the tissue
  4. Has a propensity for certain tissues or pathologies
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11
Q

When trying to determine which modality to use you must consider…
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Determine the best modality for the pathology to achieve your aims of treatment
  2. Choose the modality that targets the tissue is has a propensity for
  3. Choose the modality that goes to the correct depth
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12
Q

Tissue Propensities for Ultrasound

A

Organized collagen (ligament, capsule, tendon, interfaces)

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13
Q

Tissue Propensities for Hydrocollator Packs

A

Dermis, afferents for muscle relaxation

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14
Q

Tissue Propensities for Paraffin Wax

A

Joints of the extremity

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15
Q

Tissue Propensities for Laser

A

Epidermis

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16
Q

Applying the wrong modality at the wrong stage or applying it incorrectly will _____ the healing process and in some cases cause more ______.

A

Applying the wrong modality at the wrong stage or applying it incorrectly will delay the healing process and in some cases cause more damage.

17
Q

Describe Thermal Modalities

A
  • Transfer of energy to or from body tissue
  • Temperature gradient in some cases
  • Or conversion of electromagnetic energy
  • Conductive and convective
18
Q

Why do we apply modalities?

A

Create an environment that promotes healing

19
Q

what happens when we apply a modality?

A

apply stress for an adaptive response

20
Q

when do we apply a modality?

A

when stress applied is conductive to the healing process in its current healing state

21
Q

why do we use biofeedback in a rehabilitation environment?

A

allows the patient to understand when they are doing an exercise appropriately.
Helps the patient recognize when they are properly firing a muscle

22
Q

how can we reduce edema?

A
  • Effleurage
  • Pressure

-IFC, in an elevated position w/AROM will give slight assisstance

23
Q

What is Fluromethane?

A
  • liquid spray that becomes a solid when in contact with the skin
  • used more for rehabilitation then a preventative measure
24
Q

If an Electrotherapy Modality uses a battery it is what type of frequency?

A

Low Frequency

25
Q

If an Electrotherapy Modality is plugged directly into a wall what type of frequency is it?

A

Medium Frequency

26
Q

why is exercise a good modality to use?

A

applying stress = causing adaptation

27
Q

What must you be prepared to know before applying a modality?

A
  1. Aims of Rx
  2. Tissue Type
  3. Stage of Healing
  4. Depth of the Tissue
  5. Understanding of the modality that you will be using
28
Q

Aims of Rx - Inflammatory Phase…

A
  • Reduce edema
  • Control swelling
  • Decrease pain
  • Prevent 2ndary complications
29
Q

Aims of Rx - Demolition/Proliferation Phase…

A
  • Increase ROM

- Increase blood flow

30
Q

Aims of Rx - Maturation & remodelling…

A
  • Get the patient moving with the modality
31
Q

Aims of Rx - Return to Activity Phase…

A
  • Get them moving
  • Activation massage
  • Sport specific
  • Isolate to exercise/hands on/psych readiness