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BL Sem 1 > Lecture 5 - Tissues, Organs And Systems > Flashcards

Lecture 5 - Tissues, Organs And Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Function of tight junction

The Asshole Did Good, TADG

A
  • Located at very top
  • Prevent large molecules entering tissues
  • Allow small molecules (sugars, aa, H2O) to cross: Paracellular Transport
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2
Q

Function of Adhesion junction

A
  • 2nd one, found in pairs

- Linked to E-cadherin, joins an actin bundle in one cell to a adjacent bundle in neighbouring cell

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3
Q

Function of desmosome

A
  • Strongest of all
  • Random distribution pattern
  • Found in tissues w intense mechanical stress (cardiac muscle, bladder tissue)
  • Provide mechanical strength
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4
Q

Function of Gap junctions

A
  • For transmission of electrical signals/impulse

- Cardiac muscle & smooth muscle

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5
Q

Function of hemidesmosome (vertical attachment)

A
  • Anchors intermediate filaments in cell to basal lamina
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6
Q

Type of epithelium in oesophagus? Function of submucosa?

A
  • Stratified squamous non-keratinised

- Submucosa: connective tissue containing mucus-secreting glands

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7
Q

GI tract: What is the function of the mucosa?

A
  • Specialised epithelial cells (microvilli, folding of mucosa) = absorb nutrients
  • Lamina propia contains lymphatic tissue = Prevent invasion of pathogens
  • Muscularis mucosa folds mucosa to increase SA = stability + absorb
  • Muscularis externa = peristalsis
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8
Q

What is the difference in structure btw proximal and distal tubule

A
  • Proximal has ciliated surface
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9
Q

One feature all adhesion properties require are

A

Presence of Ca2+ ions

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10
Q

Desc. the layers of mucosal membrane in GI tract

A
  1. Mucosa: Epithelium, lamina propria (connective tissue), muscularis mucosae (smooth muscle)
  2. Submucosa: Connective tissue that contains blood vessels
  3. Muscularis externa: Smooth muscle
  4. Serosa: Connective tissue (contain collagen)

Sequence: epithelium –> connective tissue –> muscle –> connective tissue –> muscle –> c.t

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11
Q

What is the epithelium in ureter known as? Type of epithelium?

A
  • Transitional epithelium known as urothelium

Sequence= epithelium –> lamina propia –> muscularis mucosa

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12
Q

What are the special adaptations in the bladder?

A
  • Fat cells act as shock absorber for expanding bladder
  • Epithelial cells secrete mucus: protect against damage from acidic urine/prevent ingress of pathogens
  • Tight junctions: prevent leakage into inner cell layer
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13
Q

Function of urinary tract?

A
  • Absorption of nutrients in kidney
  • Prevent ingress of pathogen
  • Removal of waste products
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14
Q

Why is the right bronchus more likely to be lodged by foreign material?

A
  • Right bronchus is more vertical than left
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15
Q

Desc. sequence of cells in trachea/bronchi

A
  1. Mucosa: Epithelium –> lamina propia (X muscle)
    - Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
    - Very thin lamina propia
  2. Submucosa: contains collagen and elastin fibres, produce watery mucus that thickens during infection
  3. C-shaped hyaline cartilage
    - 2 layers: perichondrium (lays down collagen fibres) & chondrogenic layer (cartilage formation)
    - Cells can interconvert (chondroblasts –> chondrocytes), hyaline & elastic cartilage can be formed

*No outer smooth muscle layer

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16
Q

What are the type of secretions from epithelium and submucosal glands of trachea/bronchi? What is the special adaptation?

A

MALS

  1. Mucins and water: mucus
  2. Serum protein: lubricate surface
  3. Lysozyme: destroy bac.
  4. Anti-proteases: inactivate bac. enzymes
  • Mucociliary escalator: mucus trap pathogen, cilia beating to back of throat to be swallowed/coughed
17
Q

What is the features of mucociliary escalator?

A
  • Thick basement membrane

- Lamina propia ⬆️immune cells & elastic fibres

18
Q

What is the difference btw. primary and secondary bronchi in terms of structure? Desc. sequence of layers in 2

A
  • Secondary no cartilage present as full rings
    Epithelium (pseudostratified, ciliated) –> smooth muscle –> submucosa –> airway kept open by crescent cartilage
    *Again, no layer of outer smooth muscle
19
Q

Desc. structure of alveolus

A
  • Flattened specialised epithelial cells –> endothelium
  • Endothelium folds into the basal lamina for expansion of air sacs during inhalation
  • Mucosa has collagen & many elastin fibres: for elastic recoil during exhalation
20
Q

What separates alveoli from alveoli?

A

Basal lamina

21
Q

What cell adhesion molecule attaches blastocyst to endometrium?

A

Integrin

22
Q

What Color is the centre of an RBC when stained by H&E? Why?

A
  • No blue (haematoxylin): RBC no nucleus
  • Eosin binds to acidic structures, Hb is an acidophilus material (thrives under acidic conditions)
  • Hb on outside of the ring —> only outside of ring is red

BL Sem 1 (13 decks)

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