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Human Anatomy - Skeletal System > Lecture 5 - The Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Lecture 5 - The Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

What is the vertebral column?

A
  • composed of 33 individual vertebrae & intervertebral discs
  • part of the axial skeleton
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2
Q

What are the 33 vertebrae & intervertebral discs?

A
  • 7 cervical (C1-C7), 12 thoracic (T1-T12), & 5 lumbar (L1-L5)
  • 5 sacral/sacrum (fused, S1-S5), 4 coccyx (fused, tailbone)
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3
Q

Support of the vertebrae column

A
  • Maintain upright posture
  • Support body weight to level of the pelvis
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4
Q

What does the vertebral column protect?

A
  • protects the spinal cord & spinal nerves
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5
Q

Movement of the vertebral column

A
  • Flexion/extension, side flexion, rotation of the neck & trunk
  • Helps facilitate locomotion
  • Provides a partly rigid & flexible axis for the body
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6
Q

What is the vertebral body?

A
  • Smoother aspect (because the aorta & other vital organs lay in front)
  • The most anterior component
  • Gives you strength
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7
Q

What is the vertebral arch?

A
  • posterior to the body
  • includes the pedicle, lamina, vertebral foramen, & vertebral notches
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8
Q

What is true pedicle?

A
  • short, thick, bony process that projects posteriorly from the arch to meet 2 flat plates of bone called laminae
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9
Q

What is the lamina?

A
  • forms the roof or back of the spinal canal
  • located between the spinous process & transverse process
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10
Q

What is the vertebral foramen?

A
  • Formed by the vertebral arch & posterior vertebral body (spinal cord)
  • A hole where the spinal cord passes through
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11
Q

What is the vertebral notches?

A
  • Called a intervertebral foramina when 2 vertebral notches come together
  • Indentations visible on a lateral view
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12
Q

What are the 7 processes of the vertebra ?

A
  • spinous process (1)
  • transverse process (2)
  • articular process (4)
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13
Q

What is the spinous process?

A
  • Projects posteriorly
  • Attachment point for muscles & ligaments
  • a lever for muscle posture & muscle movement
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14
Q

What is the transverse process?

A
  • Projects posterolaterally from junction of pedicle & lamina
  • passageway for vertebral artery
  • Attachment point for muscles & ligaments that stabilize the vertebral column
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15
Q

What is the articular process?

A
  • 2 superior, 2 inferior
  • Each has an articular surface (facet/zygapophysial joint)
  • fits with the adjacent vertebra
  • limits rotation
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16
Q

What is the cervical spine?

A
  • the vertebral foramen is relatively large & triangular
  • Has a transverse foramen from C1-C6 (vertebral artery)
  • Spinous processes are often bifid (split) from C3-C6
  • Articular processes oriented almost horizontally
17
Q

What is the C1?

A
  • also known as the atlas
  • Has a passageway for the vertebrae
  • includes the Transverse atlanto ligament which allows movement
18
Q

What is the C2?

A
  • also known as the axis
  • the Distinguishing feature from an anterior aspect is the dens/odontoid process (allows for pivoting movement)
19
Q

What is the C7?

A
  • Most prominent spinous process in 70% of people; Sticks out the most
  • largest & most inferior vertebra
20
Q

What is the thoracic spine?

A
  • Shaped like a giraffe
  • Long/sloping spinous process
  • Has costal facets on the transverse processes
  • The facet joints orientation is going to be on the frontal plane
21
Q

What is the lumbar spine?

A
  • A very large/sturdy/square shaped region
  • shaped like a moose head
  • allows Flexion/extension movement
22
Q

What is the sacrum?

A
  • contains the sacral foramina (4 pairs - S1,2,3,4); allow spinal nerves to pass
  • median sacral surface; attachment for the supraspinous ligament
  • lateral sacral crest; formed by fusion of transverse process
  • articular surface
23
Q

What is the coccyx?

A
  • Fusion of four rudimentary coccygeal vertebrae; Can be one less or one more
  • Remnants of an embryonic tail
  • Does not bear any weight
  • Attachment point for muscles
24
Q

What are Intervertebral Discs?

A
  • Turns individual bones into a semi-rigid column
  • Acts as a shock absorber
  • Not present between C1 & C2; Most inferior disc between L5 & S1
  • Permits some movement between adjacent vertebrae; Vary in thickness depending on the region
  • Accounts for 20-25% of the height of the vertebral column
25
Q

What is the anterior longitudinal ligament?

A
  • Covers and connects anterolateral aspects of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs
  • Prevents hyperextension of the vertebral column
  • Bigger in size
26
Q

What is the posterior longitudinal ligament ?

A
  • Runs within the vertebral canal along the posterior aspect of vertebral bodies
  • Weakly resists hyperflexion of the vertebral column
  • Interior ligament
27
Q

What is the facet/zygapophysial joint?

A
  • Plane synovial
  • Between superior & inferior Articular processes of adjacent vertebrae
  • Each is surrounded by a thin joint capsule
28
Q

What are the craniovertebral joints ?

A
  • atlanto-occipital joint
  • atlanto-axial joint
29
Q

What is the atlanto-occipital joint?

A
  • Between C1 and occipital condyles
  • Synovial- condyloid
  • Provides your “yes” movement, i.e., up/down
30
Q

What is the atlanto-axial joint?

A
  • Three separate joints between C1 and C2
  • Median joint- synovial pivot
  • Lateral joints- synovial plane
  • Provides your “no” movement, i.e., side to side
31
Q

What is the ligament flava?

A
  • Joins adjacent laminae together
  • Broad bands of elastic tissue, thickest in lumbar region
  • Help preserve the normal curvature of the spine and assist with straightening the vertebral column after flexing
32
Q

What is the interspinous ligament ?

A
  • Joins adjacent spinous process processes
  • Found between the spinous processes
33
Q

What is the intertransverse ligament?

A
  • Joins adjacent transverse processes
  • Found between the transverse processes
34
Q

What is the supraspinous ligament?

A
  • Joins adjacent spinous processes (at their tips) from C7 to sacrum
  • Ligamentum Nuchae - a thickened band from external occipital protuberance to C7
35
Q

Types of spinal curvatures

A
  • Kyphosis
  • Lordosis
  • Scoliosis
36
Q

What is kyphosis?

A
  • The spine is convex posteriorly
  • Normal for the thoracic & sacral regions
37
Q

What is lordosis?

A
  • The spine is concave posteriorly
  • Normal for the cervical & lumbar regions
38
Q

What is scoliosis ?

A
  • A legal curvature of the spine often compensated by a curve in the opposite direction in adjacent spinal segments

Human Anatomy - Skeletal System (13 decks)

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