lecture 5 part deux Hospital acquired infections.

Question 1

hospital acquired is?

Answer 1

Nosocomial infections/
-Most infections that become or manifest after 48 hours are considered to be noscomial.

-Can be systemic or

Question 2

How much of nosocomial infections are preventable?

Answer 2

OVER 1/3.

• Urinary tract infections
• Bactermia
• Penumonia
• Surgical wound infection

Question 3

What is colonization?

Answer 3

Colonization is when the microbe peremntantly establishes itself in the host Such as plaque.
-Subclinical infections are bacteria that colonize without signs of disease.

Question 4

What is an infection?

Answer 4

Its bascially when bacteria infects and colonizes and causes symptoms.

-Infection harms the host either idrectly or causes bad immuno responses.

Question 5

What are the factors that influence noscomial infection?

Answer 5

1) it has to be present in the enviroment
2) host immune status (Immune compromization)
3) Biological enviroment such as hygienic conditions of patient
4) Physical enviroment such as catheters and IV stuff
5) Social enviroment. LIke hand shaking and no hand washing

Question 6

What are the highest risk places for nosocomial infection?

Answer 6

1) ICU
- Exposure to devices and immuncompromised
2) Neonatal unit
3) surgical ward

Question 7

The increase of use in antibiotics is causing?

Answer 7

An increase in antibiotic resistance strains.

-Its common that nosocomial infections have multiple drug resistance

Question 8

What are the main causes for UTI in hospitlized patients?

Answer 8

• Females having sex
• Prolonged Urinary catheterization
• Breach of appropriate catheter care

Question 9

What is infection have the highest fatality rates?

Answer 9

Pneumonia. Either the primary cause or contributing factor with 13-18% of all Nosocomial fatalities

Question 10

What are the stats of fatility of bacterial pneumonia?

Answer 10

• Sixth most fatalities

- Highest number of infection related fatalities

Question 11

What are the types of pneumonia?

Answer 11

Community based and Nosocomial pneumonia

Question 12

What is the significance of VAP (Ventilator associated pneumonia)?

Answer 12

A leading cause of death from nosocomial infections

-Second most common nosocomial infection int he US

Question 13

Can oral hyagiene correlate with respiratory infection? can better oral hyagiene reduce infection rates?

Answer 13

Yes. Teeth can be reservoirs for bacteria

-Yes