Lecture 5 - Oro-facial Lymphatics Flashcards
what are the 3 roles of the lymphatic system?
- remove excess tissue fluid from the boyd and return it to the venous system.
- carries fats from the GI tract to teh venous system.
- produce immune cells (lymphocytes/ plasma/ monocyets) to defend agaisnt infection and cancer
how is tissue fluid formed ?
when blood moves from arterioles to venules it leaks out Exces fluid. this is called tissue fluid which surrounds tissues.
how does lymphatic tissue arise?
when tissue fluid is taken up by the lymaphatic vessels it becomes lymph where it is transported to lymph nodes.
what is the major lymphatic vessel in the body and where is itlocated and what is its function?
Thoracic duct
located on the left and side running posteriorly
it is the drain the evey part of the body apart from the right throax/right upper limb and right side of the head and neck
where does the thracic duct drain to and what 2 major vessels combine at this point ?
drains to the left venous angle
internal jugular vein+ sub Calavian vein.
where does the right upper limb drain into ?
right lympatic duct.
what is edema ?
what is elphantiasis
it is the collection of tissue fluid when lympatic system is not working.
it is swelling of the limbs as there drainage - lymphatic system is not wokring.
what structure does not produce lymph?
brain
what is reginal node?
igroup of nodes which firs receives lymph from any given structure/area
what is the role of the lymph nodes
to screen for cancer cells and infectious agents and then produce resistance like macrophage/ lympocytes.
what are germinal centers?
it is when the lymph nodes fight infection and enlarge this makes it painful as the capsule is stretch.
what is the results of cancer cells going through lymph
it can metastasis and cause a secondary tumour growth/
what are the 2 groups that the lymph nodes of the head and neck are divided into?
and which group is palpaltable?
superficial ring- palpaltable
Deep cervical nodes.
what are the superficail drainage structures fo the head and neck? name the nodes of the head and neck ?
- occipital nodes
- mastiod
- paotid
- buccal
- superficail cervical
- submental
- submandibular
where is the deep cervical nodes located and what is it next to ?
below the sternocleidomastoid.
where does the superficial cervical node join on to?
external jugular vein
what are the deep structures of the head and neck?
- submental nodes
- submandibular
- deep cervical nodes
- retro-pharyngeal nodes
what are the 4 tonsils of the head and neck?
- palatine tonsil
- pharyngeal tonsils- adenoid
- tubal tonsils
- lingual tonsils
what is waldeyer’s ring of lymphoid tissue for?
and describe its structure?
it is for defensive. to fight against infection.
where does the lymph from the palatine tonsil drain into?
it drains into the specific deep lymph node- jugulo digastric node?
what is the regional node for the tonsils ?
jugulo-digastric node
where do the lower 3-3 dentition drain into tyhe jounery of the lymph?
it drains into the submental nodes then to submandibular nodes
then into deep cervial nodes
apart from the lower anterior teeth where does the rest of the dention drain into ?
it drains into the submandiublar node then into deep cervical node
where does the posterior (back) 1/3rd drain into?
bi laterally to superior deep cervical node
where does the middle of the tongue drain into and how ?
Bi laterally into inferior deep cerivcal nodes
where does sides of the tongue drain into?
Uni laterally into the submandibular nodes
where does the tip of the tongue drain into ?
it drains into the submental nodes.
what is the difference between cancer and infection in the nodes
Cancer- painful/ hard/ irregular/ fixed doesnt improve
Infection- painful/ soft/ smooth / not fixed/ improved by antibiotics.
what lymph groups do u examine
- submental
- submandibular
- partid
- mastoid
- occipital
- deep cervical- includes jugulo-digastic
- superficial cervical nodes
