Lecture 5 - Oro-facial Lymphatics

Question 1

what are the 3 roles of the lymphatic system?

Answer 1

1. remove excess tissue fluid from the boyd and return it to the venous system.
2. carries fats from the GI tract to teh venous system.
3. produce immune cells (lymphocytes/ plasma/ monocyets) to defend agaisnt infection and cancer

Question 2

how is tissue fluid formed ?

Answer 2

when blood moves from arterioles to venules it leaks out Exces fluid. this is called tissue fluid which surrounds tissues.

Question 3

how does lymphatic tissue arise?

Answer 3

when tissue fluid is taken up by the lymaphatic vessels it becomes lymph where it is transported to lymph nodes.

Question 4

what is the major lymphatic vessel in the body and where is itlocated and what is its function?

Answer 4

Thoracic duct

located on the left and side running posteriorly

it is the drain the evey part of the body apart from the right throax/right upper limb and right side of the head and neck

Question 5

where does the thracic duct drain to and what 2 major vessels combine at this point ?

Answer 5

drains to the left venous angle

internal jugular vein+ sub Calavian vein.

Question 6

where does the right upper limb drain into ?

Answer 6

right lympatic duct.

Question 7

what is edema ?

what is elphantiasis

Answer 7

it is the collection of tissue fluid when lympatic system is not working.

it is swelling of the limbs as there drainage - lymphatic system is not wokring.

Question 8

what structure does not produce lymph?

Answer 8

brain

Question 9

what is reginal node?

Answer 9

igroup of nodes which firs receives lymph from any given structure/area

Question 10

what is the role of the lymph nodes

Answer 10

to screen for cancer cells and infectious agents and then produce resistance like macrophage/ lympocytes.

Question 11

what are germinal centers?

Answer 11

it is when the lymph nodes fight infection and enlarge this makes it painful as the capsule is stretch.

Question 12

what is the results of cancer cells going through lymph

Answer 12

it can metastasis and cause a secondary tumour growth/

Question 13

what are the 2 groups that the lymph nodes of the head and neck are divided into?

and which group is palpaltable?

Answer 13

superficial ring- palpaltable

Deep cervical nodes.

Question 14

what are the superficail drainage structures fo the head and neck? name the nodes of the head and neck ?

Answer 14

1. occipital nodes
2. mastiod
3. paotid
4. buccal
5. superficail cervical
6. submental
7. submandibular

Question 15

where is the deep cervical nodes located and what is it next to ?

Answer 15

below the sternocleidomastoid.

Question 16

where does the superficial cervical node join on to?

Answer 16

external jugular vein

Question 17

what are the deep structures of the head and neck?

Answer 17

1. submental nodes
2. submandibular
3. deep cervical nodes
4. retro-pharyngeal nodes

Question 18

what are the 4 tonsils of the head and neck?

Answer 18

1. palatine tonsil
2. pharyngeal tonsils- adenoid
3. tubal tonsils
4. lingual tonsils

Question 19

what is waldeyer’s ring of lymphoid tissue for?

and describe its structure?

Answer 19

it is for defensive. to fight against infection.

Question 20

where does the lymph from the palatine tonsil drain into?

Answer 20

it drains into the specific deep lymph node- jugulo digastric node?

Question 21

what is the regional node for the tonsils ?

Answer 21

jugulo-digastric node

Question 22

where do the lower 3-3 dentition drain into tyhe jounery of the lymph?

Answer 22

it drains into the submental nodes then to submandibular nodes

then into deep cervial nodes

Question 23

apart from the lower anterior teeth where does the rest of the dention drain into ?

Answer 23

it drains into the submandiublar node then into deep cervical node

Question 24

where does the posterior (back) 1/3rd drain into?

Answer 24

bi laterally to superior deep cervical node

Question 25

where does the middle of the tongue drain into and how ?

Answer 25

Bi laterally into inferior deep cerivcal nodes

Question 26

where does sides of the tongue drain into?

Answer 26

Uni laterally into the submandibular nodes

Question 27

where does the tip of the tongue drain into ?

Answer 27

it drains into the submental nodes.

Question 28

what is the difference between cancer and infection in the nodes

Answer 28

Cancer- painful/ hard/ irregular/ fixed doesnt improve

Infection- painful/ soft/ smooth / not fixed/ improved by antibiotics.

Question 29

what lymph groups do u examine

Answer 29

1. submental
2. submandibular
3. partid
4. mastoid
5. occipital
6. deep cervical- includes jugulo-digastic
7. superficial cervical nodes