Lecture 4 - Neck Flashcards
name the 4 layers of the neck
- epidermis-epithelium-
- dermis- dense connective tissue-
- superficial fascia- subcutaneous tissue
- deep fascia-
what are the qualities of Epidermis and dermis
Epidermis= inert/ waterproof/ non vascular
Dermis= vascular/ lymphatics/ innervated/ strenghtens & nourishs the epithelium
what are the qualities of Superficial fascia and deep fascia
Superficial fascia= distributes vessels & nerves/ allows skin mobility/ insulation
Deep fascia= separates deep structures from superfial ones/strong and protective
what does subcutaneous mean ?
sub= deep
cutaneous= skin
describe deep fascia in the neck.
structures in the neck are compartmentalised in tubes
the conntectiing tubes run between the mediastinum of the base of the skull
how does infection spread in the neck and how is it prevented?
infection spreads within fasical compartments- by opening up potential spaces between the layers of fascia
Deepfascial prevents the spread of infection to different compartments.
what does the superficial fascia contain name 4 ?
- sensory nerves
- platysma muscle
- blood vessels- superficial veins
- lymphatic vessels superficial lymph nodes
what are the 4 sensory nerves of the cervical plexus?
what do they innervate?
- Lesser Occipital nerve (C2)-
- Great Auricular nerve (C2/C3)
- Transverse Cervical nerve (C2/C3)
- Supercalvicular nerve (C4)
innervate the skin where they leave the skin and superficial fascia and pierce deep fascia to reach the spinal cord.
what is the cervical plexus ?
it is a group of nerves intertwined which form the plexus . the cervical plexus is the anterior rami of C2-C4 spinal nerves.
what is the nerve point?
this is where the cervical plexus nerves go deep posterior to the middle of ther sternocleidomastoid muscles’ posterior bored.
where is the platysma located?
superficial fascia of the face and neck
what crainal nerve supplies the muscles of facial express ?
and name the branch of the nerve that supplies the platysma ?
facial nerve- cn7
cervical branch
where are the superficial veins of the neck ?
in the superficial fascia of the neck
lable the diagram with the veins
external jugular vein
posterior auricular vein
retromandibular vein
facial vein
common facial vein
anterior jugular vein
subclavian vein
superficial jugular communicating vein
internal jugular vein
what is deep cervical fascia made from ?
what are the layers and how many are there?
fibrous connective tissue.
three layers
- investing layer
- pretracheal layer
- prevertrebral layer
location of the investing layer of the deep cerical fascia ?
what 2 muscles does it contain ?
what 2 glands does it enclose?
deep to the superficial fascia
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
submandiublar and parotid gland
Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia consists of ….(2)
visceral part- thyroid gland/trachea/ oesophagus
muscular part-encloses the strap muscles.
the prevertebral layers of deep cervical fascia
enclose what?
postural muscles and cercical vertebrae
and 2 separate tubes called the right and left Carotid sheaths.
what are the carotid sheaths ?
tubular fascial bandages that run the full lenght of the neck
what do the carotid sheaths connect?
the superior mediastinum to the juglar foraminae and the carotid canals
what major vessels do the catoid sheaths contain name 4 ?
- internal jugular vein
- carotid arteries
- vagus nerves (CN10
- deep cervical chain of the lymph nodes and the lymphatics
what is the retropharngeal space?
between pretracheal (bucconpharyngeal fascia) & prevertebral fasciae
