lecture 5: Internal Bacteria Structures Flashcards
What is the composition of the cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells?
70% water; 30% enzymes, salt, lipids, nucleic acids etc.
What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells regarding organelles?
Prokaryotes lack lipid bilayer-bound organelles; eukaryotes have them.
What are inclusion bodies?
Granules, crystals, or globules used for storage in bacteria.
What types of inclusion bodies are used to characterize bacteria?
- Organic Inclusion bodies * Inorganic Inclusion Bodies
What are glycogen granules?
Type of organic inclusion body used for storage.
What are carboxysomes?
Inclusion bodies that are involved in carbon fixation.
What is the function of ribosomes in prokaryotes?
Synthesize proteins.
How do the sizes of ribosomes differ between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes: 80S; Prokaryotes: 70S.
What is the Endosymbiont Theory?
Organelles in Eukaryotes orginated as free lving prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by a host cell
What is the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?
Region in cell where the chromosome resides.
What is the structure of prokaryotic DNA?
1 circular, double-stranded DNA chromosome.
What are plasmids?
Small circular pieces of dsDNA that can replicate independently.
What is the significance of plasmids to bacteria?
May confer selective advantage.
What are prokaryotic endospores?
Structure that produce spores
What is the medical importance of endospores?
Associated with diseases like anthrax, botulism, and tetanus.
What are the locations of endospores in bacterial cells?
- Central * Terminal * Subterminal
What is the structure of a spore?
Dehydrated core surrounded by thick peptidoglycan layer and protein coats.
What triggers the process of sporulation?
Lack of food.
What are the steps involved in germination?
- Activation * Germination * Outgrowth
True or False: Sporulation is a reproductive process.
False
What is the composition of the dehydrated core in endospores?
15% calcium dipicolinic acid, ribosomes, and nucleic acids.
