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Microbiolgy > Lecture 3: Cell Wall: Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Cell Wall: Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main types of cell walls in bacteria?

A

Gram-positive and Gram-negative

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2
Q

What is the primary structural component of the bacterial cell wall?

A

Peptidoglycan (ppg)

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3
Q

What type of environment do most bacteria live in?

A

Hypotonic environment

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4
Q

What is the function of hopanoids in bacterial membranes?

A

Stabilize membranes

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5
Q

What does the fluid mosaic model describe?

A

The structure of the cell membrane

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6
Q

True or False: All bacteria have a cell wall.

A

False

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7
Q

What is a key feature of Gram-negative bacteria’s outer membrane?

A

Contains porin proteins

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8
Q

What is the thickness of the peptidoglycan layer in Gram-negative bacteria?

A

~1-7 nm thick

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: The cell envelope consists of all structures outside of the _______.

A

plasma membrane

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10
Q

What do teichoic acids do in Gram-positive bacteria?

A

Function unclear

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11
Q

What type of enzyme is abundant in the periplasmic space of Gram-negative bacteria?

A

Periplasmic enzymes

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12
Q

What is the function of membrane proteins in bacteria?

A

Nutrient & waste transport, metabolic processes, interactions with environment

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13
Q

What is Lipid A?

A

Part of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and is highly toxic

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14
Q

What is the unique characteristic of Mycobacteria regarding their cell wall?

A

They are ‘acid-fast’ due to a waxy layer of mycolic acid

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15
Q

What protects bacteria from osmotic pressure?

A

Cell wall

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16
Q

What is the role of exoenzymes in Gram-positive bacteria?

A

Secreted enzymes that would be periplasmic in Gram-negative bacteria

17
Q

What is the role of the periplasmic space in Gram-negative bacteria?

A

Contains enzymes for nutrient acquisition and holds periplasmic enzymes

18
Q

What is the core polysaccharide in the structure of lipopolysaccharide?

A

Part of LPS that connects Lipid A and O antigen

19
Q

True or False: Glycoproteins in bacterial membranes are not attached to oligosaccharides.

A

False

Microbiolgy (4 decks)

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