Lecture 16: Fermentation, Chemolithotrophy, Photolithography Flashcards
What process do some microorganisms use when they never respire?
Fermentation
These microorganisms lack an electron transport chain (ETC).
What do facultative anaerobes switch to when no O2 is available?
Fermentation
Footnote They would normally use aerobic respiration.
What do microbes using fermentation repress when O2 is absent?
Expression/synthesis of ETC
They cannot use an inorganic electron acceptor other than O2.
What is the final electron acceptor for microbes using fermentation?
Organic pyruvate or a pyruvate derivative
What is the ATP yield from fermentation?
2 ATP
Total ATP is derived from glycolysis only.
What pathways are used during fermentation?
Glycolysis only
No TCA or ETC is involved.
What do fermentation pathways oxidize to regenerate NAD+?
NADH
They reduce an organic electron acceptor.
What is a characteristic of chemolithoautotrophy?
Oxidation of inorganic molecules
What do chemolithoautotrophs donate to their electron transport chains?
Electrons from oxidizing inorganic chemicals
What are the most common electron donors in chemolithoautotrophy?
- H2
- NO2-
- NH4+
- S0
- Fe2+
What are the most common electron acceptors in chemolithoautotrophy?
- O2 (aerobic)
- SO42-
- NO3- (anaerobic)
What is the process by which energy is gained in chemolithoautotrophy?
Oxidative phosphorylation
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What is the primary function of photosynthesis?
Capture sunlight energy and convert it into ATP & NADPH
What do ATP and NADPH do in photosynthesis?
They are used to fix CO2 into organic molecules
What are the two main reactions of photosynthesis?
- Light reactions
- Dark reactions
What occurs during the light reactions of photosynthesis?
Light energy is trapped and converted into chemical energy (ATP)
What happens to water in the light reaction of photosynthesis?
It donates 2 electrons to chlorophyll, releasing ½ O2
What is the final electron acceptor in the photosynthesis light reaction?
NADP+
What is the function of the dark reactions in photosynthesis?
ATP & NADPH are used to fix CO2 into glucose
Fill in the blank: The final electron acceptor in the light reaction of photosynthesis is _______.
NADP+
True or False: The TCA cycle occurs during fermentation.
False
