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Immuno - Russian > Lecture 5 - Innate Immunity II > Flashcards

Lecture 5 - Innate Immunity II Flashcards

0
Q

What are the 4 stages of the complement system?

A

Initiation
Formation of C3 convertase (C3b)
Formation of C5 convertase (C3b/C4b/C2a)
Formation of MAC complex

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1
Q

What are the 3 activation pathways of the complement system?

A

Classical, Alternative, Lectin

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2
Q

What does the complement system cooperate with?

A

blood coagulation pathway and kinin-killikrein system

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3
Q

What antibodies initiate the classical pathway, how many interactions are they, and what portion of the molecule do they interact with?

A

IgM (pentamer) IgG
2 interactions
tail (Fc) portion

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4
Q

What makes up the C3 convertase complex in the classical and lectin pathways and what do they bind to?

A

C4b/C2a

bind Fc and Mannose respectively

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5
Q

What makes up the C3 convertase complex in the Alt. pathway?

A

C3b/Bb (B factor)

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6
Q

what is the function of C3b and C3a?

A

C3b serves as an opsonin to promote phagocytosis

C3a acts a chemoattractant for neutrophils

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7
Q

what does C5a do?

A

very strong chemoattractant for neutrophils that changes the permeability of blood vessels

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8
Q

What makes up the MAC complex and what does it do when activated?

A

C6,7,8,9

causes lysis of cells

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9
Q

What is in high [ ] in the blood? what does it mean if the ration is low?

A

C3 and C4

it means utilization is faster than the synthesis

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10
Q

what happens once C1q detects Abs?

A

C1q binds Fc portion of IgM and activate C1r and C1s

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11
Q

What begins the lectin pathway and what is it similar in structure to?

A

MBL (hexametric), similar to C1q

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12
Q

what does MBL activate?

A

MASP1 and MASP2

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13
Q

What does Ficolin bind to and what does it activate?

A

binds to N-acetylglucosamine

activates MASP1 and MASP2

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14
Q

What are collectins and what 3 types are there?

A

trimeric, soluble effector molecules with a lectin head

MBL, SP-A, SP-D

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15
Q

What is MBL, what does it bind to, what does it do, and what are low levels associated with?

A

it is a soluble PRR, binds carbs, enhances phagocytosis, low levels = increased susceptibility to infections

16
Q

what do SP-A and SP-D do and what can they inhibit?

A

act as opsonins, directly activate macrophages, may increase apoptosis

inhibit bacterial growth

17
Q

What are ficolins, what is their structure like, what do they bind to, and what do they activate?

A

plasma/humoral proteins of the innate immune system, have a fibrinogen-type crd, bind to N-acetylglucosamine and LPA (+), activate LP through MASPs

18
Q

how is the alternative pathway initiated? what inhibits this pathway in mammalian surface cells?

A

spontaneously, when C3 recognizes LPS

DAF

19
Q

What are the 3 complement effector functions?

A

inflammation: C5a, C3a
phagocytosis: C3b
MAC: microbe lysis

20
Q

What are the 4 inflammatory effects of complement? whats the highest potency?

A

smooth muscle contraction, inc permeability of blood vessels, degranulation of basophils, chemotaxis
Some Indians Don’t Clean

C5

21
Q

C3b is a complement receptor on macrophages which signal what?

A

inflammation (cytokines, IL-1, IL-6, TNF) and killing of microbes (ROS and NO)

22
Q

what is TGF-Beta

A

chemoattractant, remodeler and activator of fibroblasts and CT for scar tissue

23
Q

What is present in local inflammation?

A

endothelial cells, chemokines, IL-1, IL-6, TNF

24
Q

What is systemic protective effects are characteristic of the brain, liver, and bone marrow

A

IL-1 –> fever
IL-6 –> acute phase proteins
TNF, IL-1, IL-6 –> leukocyte production

25
Q

TNF can cause pathological abnormalities systemically which lead to what and include what?

A

septic shock

Dec. cardiac function, thrombosis and capillary leak, insulin resistance

26
Q

acute phase proteins are pentraxins. what are the major ones, what do they recognize and what can they activate and how?

A

CRP and SAP which can INC x1000 during infection and are normally low
recognize phosphorylCholine and phosphatidylethanolamine
act. classical pathway by binding C1q

27
Q

what acute phase proteins may have dramatic INC in [ ]?

A

CRP, SAP, MBL, a1-acid glycoprotein

28
Q

what are the 2 type I interferons and what are they produced by?

A

IFN-alpha and IFN-beta

produced by virus-infected cells

29
Q

what do they activate in unaffected cells and infected cells?

A

JAK-STAT

CTL-mediated killing

30
Q

what is needed for an immune response and proliferation of lymphocytes?

A

2 signals, one from Ag recognition for activation of lymphocytes
one from innate immune responses to microbes

Immuno - Russian (5 decks)

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