Lecture 5 - Infants, Toddlers and Children Flashcards
What are the 3 ways Children Learn?
- Senses - Hearing, Touch, Seeing, etc
- Reciprocal Parent-child interactions
- Movement actions and reactions
How long should toddlers have structured exercise daily?
at least 30 minutes
Should infants have tummy time?
Yes, good for developing large muscle groups (back muscles, etc)
How long should toddlers have unstructured activity daily?
at least 60 minutes and up to several hours
What is recommended sedentary time for toddlers?
no more than 60 minutes at a time, not including sleeping
How should be facilitate communication?
Non-verbal and verbal communication, verbal cues, collaborate with others.
Non-verbal communication examples
- Sign language
- Picture systems
- Voice output from a table
What are 5 characteristics when designing movement learning environments? Primary - aged principles
- Variety of learning styles
- Variety of equipment options
- Rule Flexibility for tasks
- Variety of classroom designs
- Opportunity for peer observation
What are 5 characteristics when designing movement learning environments?
Preschool - aged
- Child - directed learning
- Opportunity for choice
- Self - initiated
- Mix of novel and familiar equipment
- Opportunity to view peer models
Why is movement important for children, considering the implications of the 3 ways of learning if a child is delayed ability to sit?
- Senses - will see less, have less use of hands to touch, delay self-feeding
- Less opportunity for adult-child interaction (eg: child sitting up has more interaction than lying in a carrier)
- Less opportunity to develop fine motor skills
Why is movement important for children, considering the implications of the 3 ways of learning if a child is delayed locomotion?
- Senses - unable to explore environment
- Unable to test out being separated and independent of parent
- Less opportunity to develop further motor skills such as running, hopping, skipping
What is Physical literacy?
The ability to move with poise and confidence across a wide range of activities
What should be the focus of movement for children under 3 years old?
Most sensitive phase of learning-optimal window for opportunity
Rhythmic activities (tapping, drumming, dancing):
- Coordination
- Language and reading
- Intelligence
- Voice reproduction
- Future complex movement
What areas have high probability of resulting in developmental delays?
- Cognitive (learning and thinking)
- Physical (growth, motor skills)
- Communication (understanding and using words)
- Social or emotional (relating to others)
- Adaptive (self-help skills such as feeding)
24 hour movement guidelines for infants
- active several times per day (variety)
- interactive floor based time, more is better
- 30 mins minimum tummy time spread throughout the day
- < 1 hour restrained at a time
- No screen time
- Sedentary time reading, story telling
24 hour movement guidelines for toddlers
- 180 mins of a variety of activities and intensities throughout the day (at least 60 mins of energetic play)
- < 1 hour restrained
- no sitting for extended periods
- no screen time younger than age 2
- 2+ less than 1 hour screen time
- Sedentary engage in realing, or story telling
What is the goal of early childhood movement programs?
Maximize motor learning and physical activity for children of all abilities
What is the objectives for testing?
- Identify gross motor developmental level compared to children of the same age
- Identify specific skill delays so they can be addressed with program plan
Assessing PA assessment types that provide quality vs quantity
- Motion sensors give us pictures of quantity of movement, but not quality
- Direct and systematic observations allows measure of both quantity and quality of PA but it’s time consuming
PA guidelines for ages 5-17
- Moderate to vig PA at least 60 mins a day, 3x a week
- Light PA for several hours a day (structured or unstructured)
- 9-11 hours of sleep per night 5-13 years old, 10-17 years old 8-10 hours a night with consistent wake up times
- No more than 2 hours of rec screen time per day, limit extended sitting time
What are some appropriate forms of assessment?
- screening tests (informal and formal)
- standardized tests (peabody motor scales)
- curriculum based assessments (pre-set curriculum of environment)
- Trans-disciplinary play based assessment
- Authentic assessment (everday life situations)
