Lecture 1 - Intro to Adapted Physical Activity Flashcards
What is Adapted Physical Activity
Any sport or physical activity that is modified or adapted to enable individuals with an impairment, health problem or otherwise lower functional capacity to participate fully
What characteristics should adapted physical fitness have?
- Safe
- Effective
- Satisfying
- Allow people to find success
How long should adapted physical activity be applied?
Encompasses the total life span (from birth to death)
What is Adapted Physical Education?
“An individualized program that includes physical and motor fitness, fundamental movement skills and patterns, and skills in aquatics, dance, and individual and group games and sports designed to meet unique needs of individuals”
What age group does adapted physical education focus on?
Ages 0-21 years old
What does Adapted Sport mean?
Sport that is modified or created to meet the unique needs of the individuals to allow for participation
What is an example of an Adapted Sport?
- Wheelchair Basketball
- Glow ball - game created for visual impairments
What sports can individuals with disabilities participate in?
General or adapted sports in unified, segregated, individualized and parallel settings
Who do we not Adapt Physical Activity for?
Anyone who would not gain optimal benefits or who is at risk of harm from the activity should it not be modified
What disabilities in infants and toddlers can we adapt for?
- Developmental delays (cognitive, physical, social, emotional)
- Diagnosed condition that presents high risk of developmental delays
What disabilities in children can we adapt for?
- Intellectual disability
- Hearing impairment
- Speech language impairments
- Visual impairments
- Emotional disturbances
- Musculoskeletal impairment
- Autism
- TBI
- Learning disability
- Neurological disorder
- Congenital disorders
Who else can we adapt physical activity for that doesn’t fit in the definition?
- Injuries
- Medical conditions
- Low fitness levels
- inadequate motor development
- Poor functional posture
- Poor movement patterns
Why is it a concern to be physically inactive due to injury, medical conditions or low fitness levels?
Potential underdevelopment of motor skills, may be difficult to adapt physical activity if they are unable to participate and may increase risk of further injury due to inexperience
What disabilities in adults can we adapt for?
- Injuries resulting in short or long term impairments and disabilities
- Poor movement patterns
- Chronic disease and health conditions (obesity, diabetes, arthritis, parkinsons, alzheimers, stroke, etc
- Aging
What can happen when adults develop poor movement patterns?
Increase risk of injury and decrease potential for gains in and enjoyment of sport and fitness
What is an impairment?**
Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function
What is a disability?**
Any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being
What is the definition of Handicap?**
A disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from an impairment or disability, that limits or prevents the fulfilment of a role that is normal for that individual
What are the disability - general categories?
- Developmental and Behavioural
- Physical
- Sensory
What is developmental and behavioural disability?
- Impairment in cognitive function, develops at birth or before adulthood, lasts lifespan
- Causes mental and/or physical impairments
Examples of developmental and behavioural disability
Autism spectrum disorder, down syndrome, ADHD
What is a physical disability and what does it affect?
Loss of or limitation to physical function that can possibly affect:
- mobility
- fine motor control
- endurance
Examples of physical disabilities
Cerebral palsy, spina bifida, traumatic brain injury, arthritis
What is sensory disability?
Affects 1 or more of the senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell, special awareness)
Examples of sensory diabilities
Blindness, low vision, deafness
What does life course perspective of disability recognize?
Recognizes critical periods in lifespan that affect health trajectory
What does infancy and early stages of diagnosis of disability allow for?
Early intervention and access to community support to enable best functional development
What can they do for school age years with students with disabilities?
Services that allow development of appropriate functional behaviours and enable maximal participation in society
What can be done for Adulthood disabilities?
Physical and recreational activities, vocational activities, health care and wellness to age with disability
What is the definition of Health (WHO)?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Why do we adapt physical activity?
“People with disabilities must have opportunities to choose and participate in quality activities that are appropriately challenging, safe, meaningful, inclusive, and also provide dignity of risk and a sense of belonging.”
What are individuals with disabilities at high risk for?
Higher risk of secondary conditions - leading to higher health care costs and lower quality of life
What percent of the world population experiences significant disabilities?
16% of the world
Canadian Survey of Disability 2017-2022: what age experienced the greatest increase of disability rate?
Youth (age 15-24) 13% in 2017 and 20% in 2022
Canadian Survey of Disability 2017-2022: What increase occurred in adult population?
ages 25-64 increased from 20-24%
Canadian Survey of Disability 2017-2022: What increase occurred in the senior population?
65 and up increased from 38-40%
What kind of disability saw the largest increase in numbers?
Mental health related disability
What are the most common disability types?
- Pain
- Flexibility
- Mobility
- Mental Health
How many people with disabilities experience barriers accessing indoor and outdoor public spaces?
6/10 persons
What percent of Canadians have more than 1 disabilties?
70%
What is Physical Literacy?
- The ability to move with poise and confidence across a wide range of activities
- Includes competencies of that are linked to development of the whole person (Physical, affective, cognitive, psychosocial)
What is the Sport for life Definition of Physical Literacy?
Physical competence, confidence, motivation to be active for life
What is Physical Competence?
Movement skills - building blocks (Fundamental skills) to move on a wide range of environments (Ice, snow, water, etc)
Physical Literacy components?
- Confidence > appreciates ones abilities
- ## Motivation > Fun, energizing, want to participate
What Barriers do people face?
- Intrapersonal
- Interpersonal
- Structural
- Sociocultural
What is a Intrapersonal Barrier?
Barrier within the person (self-confidence, embarassment)
What is an Interpersonal Barrier?
Barrier between people (peoples attitude towards their bad knee, they think their faking it or don’t want to play with them)
What is a Structural Barrier?
Barriers in the physical area (can’t go up stairs with a bad knee)
What is a Sociocultural Barrier?
Barriers within a town, society thoughts views or beliefs
How can we address Intrapersonal Barriers?
- Positive reinforcement
- Communication
- Focus on strengths
- Don’t single people out
How can we address Interpersonal Barriers?
- Communication
- Educating others
- Cooperation
- Flexibility
How can we address Structural Barriers?
- Adapting activities (expanding space)
- Use appropriate equipment
How can we address Sociocultural Barriers?
- Language used
- Promote Leadership in people who experience these barriers
What is and example of Inclusion in the classroom?
Educating students with disabilities in general educational settings alongside students without disabilities
What are some benefits of inclusion?
- Offers a more stimulating, motivating environment
- Enhances the development of social and play skills
- Promotes friendships among students with and without disabilities
- Greater sense of acceptance
What makes a good Adaptation?
- Meets all needs of students
- Improves or maintains self-esteem
- Provides physical activity for all as much as possible
- Safe experience
What does STEP stand for?
Space
Task
Equipment
People
How can we alter space?
- Change size of area
- Change direction or pathways participants use
How can we alter task?
- change rules, timing, duration
- vary actions participants do
How can we alter equipment?
- Change size, weight, noise of equipment
- Use info and communication technology
How can we alter people?
- Organize into groups of ability or learning style
- Adjust level of support you give participants
What is the Platinum rule when interacting with someone with a disability?
Never make assumptions, always ask
