Lecture 5: Globalization and Politics Flashcards
What is graduated sovereignty?
National gov’t retains full control in some areas, but surrenders some control in others to corporations and other entities
Western nations treaty of 1648
- ended thirty years war in Europe
- limit ability of states to interfere in one another’s affairs
- created an anarchic system of states (WW1, WW2)
What is the Great Law of Peace?
nation based treaty for 800 years
- influenced writing of constitution
- foundation for international law beyond states
What is nationalism?
doctrine and/or political movement that seek to make the nation the basis of a political structure
- efforts to politicize a nation into action/unity/control
- dangerous when combined with an internal ‘enemy’
What is a nation state?
integrates sub groups that define themselves as a nation with the organizational structure of the state
- collapse of feudal organization
- interaction of nations creates borders
- ability to create debt, tax
Threats to the nation state
- rights as threats:
- universality
- UN
- human rights (universal declaration created under Eleanor Roosevelt)
Benefits to nation state
- away from past problems -opens economies, trade, travel, tech, medicine
- interconnected = peaceful
- more engagement=less fighting=fewer differences between governments
What is an imagined community?
a nation that exists primarily as a set of ideas in people’s minds
What does Benedict Anderson say about imagined communities?
1) Almost never have face-to-face contact
2) Limited - doesn’t incorporate everyone
3) Sovereign - unfettered by anything
4) Community - deep horizontal comradeship
What is grassroots globalization?
- creation of networks: communication, solidarity, information sharing and mutual support
- developing alternative politics - cultural/indigenous integrity and autonomy
Resisting the global (Thrift)
- more cellphones in the world than people
- Dhaka, Bangladesh
- organizing against dam construction
What does Khanna say about global political changes in nation-state relations?
- geopolitics (nation-state interactions) vs. glob’n (free economic flows)
- US strong in geopolitics but weakened in glob’n
- Big 3 reemerging (US, EU, China)
What is the League of Nations?
1919
- collective security to end war
- US created but refused to join
- Keynesian embedded liberalism emerges from failure
What is the UN?
1945
- nation-state members & refugee communities
- 50,000 people in secretariat
- security council vs. general assembly
- deals with: military, economy, environment, human rights
What are intergovernmental organizations?
IGOs
- orgs that are international in scope
- UN
What is the UNCTAD?
conference on trade and development
- primarily promoted free markets and free trade
- 1992 switches to neoliberalism for all
What is UNESCO?
educational, scientific, cultural organization
- hampered by cold war
- undermined by neoliberalism and glob’n
- canada protected its culture from American onslaught here
What is IAEA?
International Atomic Energy Agency
-Iran & Iraq
what is the G8?
- began as G6
- global coordination of political and economic issues
What is the OAS?
Organization of American States
- multilateral organization for Latin America
- Canada refused to join for fear of US dominance (neoliberalism)
- breaking of ties with US under Bush, more with Harper
What is the ASEAN?
Association of South East Asian Nations
- regional political and security body
- Japan, China, Korea tensions remain issue
What is the AU?
African Union
- efforts to benefit from glob’n
- use multilateralism for Africa (policing, genocide)
Examples of global governance:
- public policy networks
- bond rating agencies
- INGO’s
- BIS
- global compact
5 Ways to govern the global economy:
1) Through G3 (EU, Japan, NA)
2) Regulatory agencies (WTO)
3) trade blocs (EU, NAFTA, ASEAN)
4) Nations (SWF)
5) Regions within nations (California)
What is a civil society?
Process through with individuals negotiate, argue, struggle against, or agree with each other and those in authority
What are 3 non-governmental social actors?
1) family vs. state (Hegel)
2) apolitical civic associations (de Tocqueville)
3) media and education vs. state/market/family (Gramsci)
What are INGOs?
International Non-governmental organizations (INGOs)
- international not-for-profit organizations performing public functions but not established or run by nation states
- not coordinated at international level
- solicit money
- contradictory goals
what are global non governmental actors?
- ICRC (neutral)
- Amnesty International
- Greenpeace
- Médecines sans Frontiers
What is Bretton Woods?
- 1944 agreement
1) US gold standard = more trade
2) Central banks would allow free exchange of currencies
3) IMF created to oversee exchange rates
4) Progress towards full and free trade
5) US power would underpin system - encourage trade & investment
- Marshall plan and IBRD(world bank) to encourage growth
What is the origin of WTO?
GATT
What is TRIPS?
Trade related Intellectual Property Rights
-how to make states respect each other’s property
What is TRIMS?
Trade Related Investment Measures
-how to make states treat each other’s investments the same
What are Stiglitz critiques of glob’n?
1971-End of Bretton Woods
1) Privatization done too quickly
2) Investment doesn’t equal job growth
3) Foreign investment over domestic investment
4) IMF adjustment without social structures
5) IMF ‘economic’ ends up being ‘social’
What is a portfolio investment?
Purchase of equities in companies in other countries for financial gain, not control
What is FDI?
Foreign Direct Investment
-investment by a firm in one nation-state in a firm in another nation-state with the intention of controlling it
What is a Greenfield investment?
Building of totally new corporate facilities in another country
