Lecture 5 - Glands 1 (introduction)

Question 1

Define a gland:

Answer 1

An epithelial cell or an aggregate of epithelial cells specialised fo secretion

Question 2

What are the 2 types of gland secretion?

Answer 2

Exocrine - into ducts

Endocrine - into interstitial then into blood

Question 3

Explain the 3 different types of secretion:

Answer 3

MEROCRINE - typical one, vesicles fuse with membrane (exocytosis) can be CONSTITUTIVE or REGULATED

APOCRINE - partial loss of cytoplasm

HOLOCRINE - complete loss of cytoplasm

CYTOCRINE - cells are released as secretion e.g. spermatid

Question 4

What is Pinocytosis?

Answer 4

Pinocytosis is the process in which lipid droplets are ingested by cells.

Question 5

Roles of glycosylation of proteins

Answer 5

• To aid in protein folding
• Prevents protein digestion via proteases
• Prevents lipid digestion via lipases
• Cell recognition
• Role on cell to extracellular matrix attachment

Question 6

What are the two types of glandular control?

Answer 6

Hormonal and Neuronal

Question 7

Describe neurocrine communication

Answer 7

Electrical impulse is transferred to the end of the neurone and this causes release of hormone into the blood and to the target cell.