Lecture 5 - Emotions Flashcards
Definition of cognition?
Representation of knowledge, thought, and beliefs, and the processes by which these representations are acquired and manipulated
Definition of affect?
General term for entire range of feeling states
Definition of preferences (evaluations, attitudes)?
Subjective reponses to people, objects, or events
Definition of moods?
Chronic, non-specific feeling states
Definition of emotions?
Specific, transient feeling of states
What are basic emotions?
Discrete states that evolved to mobilise the organism to deal with fundamental life tasks (natural cluster of responses that we have)
What are the 6 main basic emotions?
- Happiness
- Sadness
- Anger
- Fear
- Disgust
- Surprise
What makes the 6 basic emotions, the main ones?
They are emotional problems that people would face, born out of adaptive problems
What are microexpressions, and Ekan’s theory?
- Very brief emotional expressions that people try to hide
- Ekman thinks that deception can be detected through the leakage of microexpressions
Where do other emotions come from?
- Emotion families?
- Emotion blends? (e.g. jealousy is a mixture of anger and sadness)
- Emotion plots/complex emotions/social lemotions? (basic emotions that are distorted or in different social contexts)
- More emotionwords than emotions? (More words for emotions then there are emotions)
What is the H. Aviezer et al. study?
Cut out the Ekman face and put it on different bodies. People are influenced by the context
What are dimensional models?
A model of emotions usually containing positive/negative and high/low arousal
What is the James-Lange theory of where emotions come from?
Physiological responses cause emotion (e.g. we are afraid because we run away)
What is Niedenthal’s embodied emotion theory?
Emotion concepts are grounded in bodily simulations e.g. we are happy because we are smiling not the other way around (controversial)
What is Schacter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotions?
- Awareness of unexplained arousal
- Interpretation of the arousal
To feel an emotion you need to experience an arousal, need to search for the cause and the cause will tell you what to feel
What is misattribution?
Attributing your arousal to the wrong cause
What is the Dutton and Aaron (1974) misattribution theory?
- Female interviewed males on side of wobbly bridge or middle
- Those that were interviewed in the middle were more likely to ask out the reporter as they may have misattributed the arousal caused by the wobbly bridge as feelings towards the reporter
What is the Smith and Lazarus (1990) appraisal theory?
- Primary appeals: revelance, valence
- Secondary apprasials: accountability, coping ability, stability
Depending on the combination of appraisals that they make is how they feel (cognitive and almost cold interpretation of where emotions come from)
What is mood congruence?
Processing advantage for stimuli that are consistent in meaning with ones current emotional state
What is the affect infusion model (Forgas, 1995)?
Knowing when mood and emotions are going to have the biggest effect
What are the 4 types of social judgment in the affect infusion model (Forgas, 1995)?
- Direct access (stored information)
- Motivated processing (biased and driven to reach a particular conclusion or decision)
- Heuristic processing (shortcuts)
- Substantive processing (takes most effort)
These vary in amount of effort is required. The likelihood that your mood will affect your judgement is a function of how much effort is required
