Lecture 5 - Concussions

Question 1

What is a major traumatic brain injury?

Answer 1

○ Caused by a direct blow to head face neck or elseqhere on the body whith and abrupt force trasnmitted to head

Question 2

What is a Concussion or mild TBI?

Answer 2

○ Usually a closed head injury with functional rather than str than structural disrptioinsthan structural disrptioins

○ Disruption between what your body is doing and what your heart thinks how heard you are working out

○ Can occur without loss of consciousness, structurally fine, functionality not fine

Question 3

What are the metabolic disruptions of concussions?

Answer 3

Reuslts in axonal stretch
○ Massive efflux of K ions that extracellular space (K goes outside)
○ Can induce action potentials
-Abnormally large release of neurotransmitters
-Leads to a large influx of Ca ions into cell

Question 4

What do you need to do to restore the ion gradient?

Answer 4

the NA2/K ATPase is activated
○ This requrires ATP
○ Need to get K back into the cell to fix the gradient, why the recommend to sleep so we can repair

Question 5

What does the mitochondria try to do?

Answer 5

To sequester the CA which inhibits. Its ability to make ATP
○ Increase need for glycolysis
○ About 30-46% more glucose is needed
○ Need substrate level phosphorylation- glycolysis which uses glucose/carbs

There is a hyperglycolysis in the cells after the incident, then can go into hypoglycolysis

Need atp but cant rely on mitochondria so glycolysis is whats doing this

Question 6

What are you supposed to eat during a concussion?

Answer 6

Feed people anything because you are most likely not wanting to Feed people anything because likely not wanting to eat. Smoothies are good if you can

○ Can do smaller amounts at intervals, but need to prioritize rest, so odnt want to wake them up every couple houors

Question 7

During the first few days of an injury and extending into the first week, what is likely to happen in terms of eating?

Answer 7

May have less desire to eat given side effects of injury

Nausea and or lethargy

Question 8

What food should you avoid?

Answer 8

Caffeinated drinks. because ti is a stimulant and disturbs sleep even if consumed in small amounts

Question 9

What should teens avoid?

Answer 9

Alcohol

-may help fall asleep but can disturb sleep, won’t get REM sleep which promotes healing

Question 10

How often should you be eating?

Answer 10

Frequently

-brain needs to heal and correct itself and needs a constant supply of food

Question 11

What should you do before bedtime?

Answer 11

Eat healthy snack 30 mins before bed

• overnight brain needs flue to heal and it gets this fuel from liver. TO ensure that your liver has enough glucose to support brain healing overnight, eat a snack
• avoid large meals before bed because prevents falling asleep

Question 12

to date what supplements can you use to support children when they have a concussion?

Answer 12

No evidence to support the use of vitamin/mineral supplements

Question 13

What is the best way to ensure you are b being nourished?

Answer 13

Eat from a. variety of different sources
Eat frequently
Proper hydration

Question 14

What are the 2 compounds that might be beneficial for brain injuries?

Answer 14

Omega 3

Creatine

Question 15

What is the intern treatment for adult athletes for concussions?

Answer 15

Omega 3 creatinine and keto for pro adults, but not recommended for kids. Juse omega 3 for kids

Question 16

Why is keto used for concussions?

Answer 16

Pros get put on Keto to focus carbs on healing and using ketones for energy
○ But hypoglycolisis theres a point where Carb cant efficiently get back into the cell to increase glucose
○ Ketones just cross into the cell, higher the level the more come in