LECTURE 5 -> COMPETITION Flashcards
interspecific interaction
Competition between species
intraspecific interaction
Competition between individuals of a species
competition
Between 2 or more individuals where one receives a lower rate in survival, fecundity or growth
predation
Consumed a living thing to benefit themselves
grazers
Eat only a portion of the living thing ex//cattle
-> Can benefit the prey, in terms of cutting resulting in more flowers
parasitism
Consumes a portion of the living thing, while the host is still alive -> like the bug in the fish
mutualism
Both species benefit from this interaction
-> facultative mutualism } Helps, but not needed to live (ceader wax-wing and berries)
obligate mutualism} Needed to survive (ex// figs and fig wasps)
interference competition
Directly interfering with the competition, vis hoarding or aggression
exploitation competition
Indirectly -> they explote the same resource
ex//plants for light
apparent competition
ex// a preditor with two prey
-> The population determines which ones are more abundant
realized niche
The range that a species actually lives in, restricted due to competition
Fundamental Niche
The range a species could live in without any interference of competition
competitive exclusion principle
If the ENV is stable, one species will deny other of a resource and trump that species
-> ENV is rarely stable
colonization-competition
In the ant example, One might be better at exploiting resources, but less good at colonizing and spreading the population
-> This population, therefore, lives because it’s really good at colonizing and getting the population up again
trade-off
Where one part of species survival is improved, but another part was traded off for it
character displacement
Morphological response to competition
- > relied on the “ghost of competition past”
- > ex// the mongoose having smaller teeth where there was competition
niche gradient
Many species might need the quality or quantity of the same resources, but they might need varying amounts or quality of another, therefore, reducing competition
