LECTURE 2-> EVOLUTION

Question 1

Natural selection

Answer 1

1) there is genetic variation in individuals
2) this variation is heritable
3) the population could grow exponentially, but not all reproduce at the same rate
4) Individuals who have best-suited traits for the current environment survive longer
5) These individual have more kids, and then this trait is carried onword

Question 2

Natural selection vs Human Selection

Answer 2

Humans select for future needs. NS selects for current needs (ie the needs for the current (past) env)

Question 3

Microevolution

Answer 3

evolution within a species. It creates variation due to subtle env differences.
Only will happen if 1) No mixing of gene pool 2) no hybridization

Question 4

Common Garden Tests

Answer 4

Tests for variation in a species

• > a & b in the same location
• > Checks if they can produce a viable offspring

Question 5

Reciprocal Transplant Tests

Answer 5

Tests for variation in a species

• > Put a in b’s location and vice versa
• > Test if the group is specialized to the local ENV

Question 6

Variation by pollution

Answer 6

can adapt to a more polluted area

ex// the moths developing black spots due to smoggy industrial air

Question 7

Coevolution

Answer 7

two species evolve together

• > predator and prey} evolve to be more effective
• > Mutualist}} Evolve to benefit each other

Question 8

Speciation

Answer 8

produce a new species

1) gene isolation
2) When barrier removed, cannot produce a viable offspring

Question 9

Sympatric vs allopatric speciation

Answer 9

Sympatric} Species formed in the same area (the fish in Nicaragua). allopatric} clear geographic isolation (the Galapagos finch)

Question 10

Endemic species

Answer 10

species so specialized only exist in one geographic region

Question 11

Why are large individuals found on the edge of the range?

Answer 11

Edge of the range a smaller gene pool. The traits that make one big stay big.

Question 12

Morphological species

Answer 12

species determined by their physical attributes

ex//dino bones

Question 13

genotypical species

Answer 13

Looks at the difference in genes

good for asexual reproducing life

Question 14

Ecological Species

Answer 14

Extremely adapted for different env conditions

ex// grizzly and polar bear

Question 15

Phylogenic species

Answer 15

Do they have a significant trait derived from a common ancestor

Question 16

Plant adaptions

Answer 16

Constitutive chemical ->act as repellents or toxins to herbivores (always there)
Inducive chemical-> Sometimes there

constitutive defenses are present before an herbivore attacks, while induced defenses are activated only when attacks occur