Lecture #5 Chain of Infection

Question 1

Infectious agent

Answer 1

Any potential pathogen (bacteria, virus, fungi, etc.)

Question 2

Reservoir

Answer 2

Where the pathogen lives (a person, on equipment, surfaces, instruments, etc.)

Question 3

Portal of exit

Answer 3

How the infectious agent leaves its reservoir and reach a new host

Question 4

Transmission

Answer 4

Direct, indirect, airborne, droplet

Question 5

Portal of entry

Answer 5

how the infectious agent gets into the new host (bloodstream, mucous membrane, etc.)

Question 6

Susceptible host

Answer 6

Someone who is not immune

Question 7

Define Cross-contamination

Answer 7

Spread of microorganisms from one source to another

Question 8

What determines the potential danger of aerosols

Answer 8

Contents and the concentration of pathogens

Question 9

What kinds of diseases have the respiratory tract as their portal of exit/entry

Answer 9

Flu, Cold, Whooping cough
TB
Measles, rubella
- Nasopharyngeal secretions

Question 10

Which diseases have the skin & mucous membranes as their portals of exit/entry

Answer 10

HIV
HBV, HCV, HDV
Herpes

Question 11

3 most common portals of exit/entry

Answer 11

Respiratory tract
Skin & mucous membranes
Blood

Question 12

What factors influence the development of infection

Answer 12

• Numbers of microorganisms & duration of exposure
• Virulence of organisms
• Immune status of host

Question 13

Are you at greater risk for:
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
HIV

Answer 13

Hepatitis C

Question 14

3 things to prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens

Answer 14

1. Vaccination against HBV infection
2. Standard precautions
3. Strategies to prevent sharps injuries

Question 15

3 strategies to prevent sharps injuries

Answer 15

1. engineering controls
   - Technology rather than technique
2. Work practice controls
3. Personal protective equipment

Question 16

How are diseases transmitted in the dental setting?

Answer 16

1. From patient to dental worker
2. Dental worker to patient
3. One patient to another
4. Dental office to community

Question 17

What is the most common yeast infection of the oral cavity

Answer 17

Oral candidiasis

Question 18

Give an example of a slow persistent viral infection when the virus replicates slowing, causing damage that is seen only after a number of years

Answer 18

Hepatitis C

Question 19

T or F, Virus infections are only latent diseases

Answer 19

False, they are latent, chronic or slow

Question 20

What is the most sure way to kill bacteria or other microorganism in the shortest amount of time

Answer 20

expose them to high temperatures that are found in approved methods of sterilization

Question 21

Bacteria with a protective coating (capsule) are what?

Answer 21

virulent, or disease causing