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HDSO Disease Detective > Basic Epidemiology Terms > Flashcards

Basic Epidemiology Terms Flashcards

1
Q

What is a cluster?

A

An aggregation of cases over a particular period closely grouped in time and space, regardless of whether the number is more than the expected number

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2
Q

What is an endemic disease?

A

A disease that is present at a continuous level throughout a population/geographic area

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3
Q

What is an epidemic?

A

A disease with large numbers of people over a wide geographical area are affected.

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4
Q

What is Etiology?

A

The study of the cause of a disease.

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5
Q

What is a fomite?

A

A physical object that serves to transmit an infectious agent from person to person.

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6
Q

A comb contaminated with lice can be considered a ______.

A

Fomite

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7
Q

What is an iatrogenic illness?

A

An illness that is caused by a medication or physician

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8
Q

What is the incubation period?

A

Time in between when a person comes into contact with a pathogen and when they first show symptoms or signs of disease.

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9
Q

Who is the index case?

A

The first patient in an epidemiological study.

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10
Q

What are two other terms for the index case?

A

Patient zero or primary case.

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11
Q

What is the latent period?

A

Time in between when a person comes into contact with a pathogen and when they become infected.

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12
Q

What is morbidity?

A

The rate of disease in a population.

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13
Q

What is mortality?

A

The rate of death in a population.

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14
Q

What is an outbreak?

A

More cases of a particular disease than expected in a given area or among a specialized group of people over a particular period of time.

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15
Q

What is a pandemic?

A

An epidemic occurring over several countries or continents and affecting a large proportion of the population.

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16
Q

What is a plague?

A

A serious, potentially life-threatening infectious disease that is usually transmitted to humans by the bites of rodent fleas.

17
Q

What are the three forms of the plague?

A

Bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic.

18
Q

What is a nosocomial disease?

A

An infection that is acquired in a hospital.

19
Q

What is risk?

A

The probability that an individual will be affected by, or die from, an illness, or injury within a stated time or age span.

20
Q

What is surveillance?

A

The systematic and ongoing collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health data.

21
Q

What is a vector?

A

An animal that transmits disease.

22
Q

What is Zoonosis?

A

An infectious disease that is transmissible from animals to humans.

23
Q

A disease is symptomatic when…

A

symptoms or signs of injury are shown.

24
Q

A disease is asymptomatic when…

A

no signs or symptoms are shown. The patient can still be a carrier of the disease.

25
Q

Normal flora?

A

Microbes have a positive symbiotic relationship with other organisms.

26
Q

Mutualism?

A

A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit.

27
Q

Commensalism?

A

A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is not impacted.

28
Q

Parasitism?

A

A symbiotic relationship where one organism is harmed and one is helped.

29
Q

What is the infectious dose?

A

The amount of the pathogen required to cause an infection in the host (varies based on age and overall health).

30
Q

What is the period of communicability?

A

The period when you are infectious and can spread your germs to an uninfected person.

31
Q

What is contamination?

A

When a potentially infectious agent exists in the host but has not yet invaded the tissues of the host.

32
Q

What is Infection?

A

When the infectious agent begins its invasion of the host tissue and its rapid multiplication. May be localized or systemic (spread).

33
Q

Infectivity is?

A

The proportion of exposed persons who become infected.

34
Q

Pathogenicity is?

A

The proportion of infected persons who develop clinical disease.

35
Q

Virulence is?

A

The proportion of persons with clinical disease who become severely ill or die.

36
Q

Incidence is?

A

The rate of occurrence of an event (number of new cases of disease occuring over a specified period of time - expressed per a known population size sometimes)

37
Q

Prevalence is?

A

Number of cases of a disease occurring within a population at any one given point in time.

HDSO Disease Detective (11 decks)

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