Lecture 5 (Cell Signaling II)

Question 1

GPCR w/ Gq

Answer 1

• Active GPCR w. Gq -> Ca++ release from ER
• Gq -> enzyme PLC (Phospholipase C)
  -> PLC cleave membrane = IP3
  -> IP3 = ligand for Ca++ channel on ER or SR

Question 2

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Answer 2

• ligand gated ion channel
• fast synaptic transmission
• in autonomic ganglia + neuromuscular junction (somatic)

Question 3

Adrenergic Receptors

Answer 3

• GPCRs
• @ target for sympathetic postganglionic neurons
• bind hormone epinephrine + NT norepinephrine

Question 4

Muscarinic Receptors

Answer 4

• GPCRS
• For acetylcholine
• Found @ targets, parasympathetic postganglionic neurons

Question 5

Agonist

Answer 5

• binds + activates receptor

Question 6

Antagonist

Answer 6

• binds to receptor + prevents activation by agonist/endogenous ligand

Question 7

Arachidonic Acid Derivatives

Answer 7

• Paracrines
• Made by Phospholipase A2
• Metabolized by lipoxygenase -> leukotrines
• Metabolized by COX -> prostaglandins

Question 8

Leukotrienes + Prostaglandins

Answer 8

• Phospholipase A2 -> Arachidonic Acid
  -> lipoxygenase = leukotrienes
  -> COX = prostaglandins
• Act As inflammatory paracrine
• NSAIDS + COX inhibitors = reduce inflammation

Question 9

Cytokines

Answer 9

• signaling molecules: immune response
• synthesized on demand, produced by many cells
• JAK - STAT pathway
• Cytokine binds > Receptor = dimer -> active JAK -> phosphorylate latent transcription factor STAT -> STAT dimer -> nucleus gene transcription

Question 10

JAK Inhibitors

Answer 10

• small molecule drugs - oral pill form
• DMARD = Disease modifying anti-rheumatoid drug