lecture 5 - blood loss

Question 1

1-3. what are three causes of blood loss from acute hemorrhage?

Answer 1

1. trauma/surgery
2. vasculitis
3. coagulopathis (clotting disorders, thrombocytopenia)

Question 2

1. what are three dzs that cause vasculitis?
2. what are two things that cause decreased clotting factors?
3. what are infectious causes of thrombocytopenia?

Answer 2

1. EPH, EVA, EIA
2. dicoumarol/warfarin poisoning
3. BVDV (cow), EIA & anaplasma (horse)

Question 3

(purpura hemorrhagica)

1. what is it?
2. after infection w/ what?
3. how serious?
4. treatments?

Answer 3

1. immune mediated vasculutis of horses (type III)
2. streptococcus, influenza
3. life threatening
4. remove immune stimulation (penicillin if strep)

reduce immune response (corticosteroids)

Question 4

(DIC)

1. a primary dz?
2. endotoxemia causes what?
3. what causes inappropriate hemorrhage?

Answer 4

1. no (often assoc. w/ endotoxemia eg colitis, peritonitis)
2. widespread activation of intravascular coagulation
3. Consumption of clotting factors & platelets

Question 5

(DIC)

1-2. what two main Cx?

3. main tx?
4. what to inhibit microvascular thrombosis?

Answer 5

1. generalized thrombosis and/or hemorrhage
2. multiple ischemic organ failure
3. treat underlying dz!
4. heparin

(blood component therapy also helps)

Question 6

(moldy sweet clover)

1. horses or cows more affected?
2. coumarins convert to dicoumarins by what?

that compete with what?

and inhibit synth of what by liver?

3. how to dx?
4. tx: vit K1 or K3 better?

Answer 6

1. cows
2. plant molds

vit K

clotting factors II, VII, IX, X

3. test feed samples and blood for dicoumarol levels
4. K1 (K3 is toxic to horses!!!)

Question 7

(warfarin toxicosis)

1. what is it?
2. tx?

Answer 7

1. rodenticide (vit K antagonist)
2. vit K1

Question 8

(hemophilia)

1. deficiency of what factor?

so what pathway affected?

2. sex linked - F or M get more?

Answer 8

1. 8 (<10% normal)

intrinsic (^APTT)

2. M