Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology (Test III) > Lecture 5 - Antihyperglycemic Agents > Flashcards

Lecture 5 - Antihyperglycemic Agents Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main difference between antihyperglycemic agents and hypoglycemics?

A
  • reduced risk of hypoglycemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of antihyperglycemic is metformin and what is its MOA?

(How it glucose output and uptake)

A
  • biguanide
  • decreases glucose output in liver
  • increases insulin sensitivity on muscles and fat to increase uptake
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the toxicities of biguanide (metformin)?

A
  • lactic acidosis (especially renal insufficiency)
  • megaloblastic anemia (rare)
  • diarrhrea, nausea, GIT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name two alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and list their MOA and toxicities

(Works in the GI tract)

A
  • acarbose, miglitol
  • MOA: inhibit GI tract enzyme that break down complex carbohydrates, reduce monosaccharide absorbed
  • Toxicities: GIT disturbances, diarrhea, pain and gas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name two thiazolidinediones that work on the PPAR (Preoxisome proliferator activated receptor) and list their MOA, side effects and toxicities

(Works on gene transcription)

A
  • rosiglitazone, pioglitazone
  • MOA:PPAR agonist to increase gene transcription
  • Increases glut-4 transporters, lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid transporters
  • Side Effects: weight gain and fluid retention
  • Toxicities:hepatotoxicity, congestive heart failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name two thiazolidinediones that work on the GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) and list their MOA, route of administration and toxicities

A
  • Liraglutide, Exenatide
  • MOA: GLP-1 receptor agonist, inhibits glucagon secretion, increases insulin secretion (incretin mimetic)
  • given subcutaneously
  • Common toxicities: nausea, diarrhea, vomiting
  • Serious toxicities: pancreatitis, thyroid carcinoma (liraglutide), anaphylactic reaction (exenatide)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name three thiazolidinediones that work on the DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) and list their MOA and toxicities

A
  • Sitagliptin, Saxafliptin, Linagliptin
  • MOA: DPP-4 inhibitor blocks breakdown of GLP-1. Increases duration of incretin, stimlulates insulin release and inhibits glucagon
  • Common Toxicities: Upper respiratory infection, nasopharyngitis, headache
  • Serious Toxicities: Pancreatitis, hypersensitive reactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a new MOA for prevent reabsorption of glucose. (MOA)

A
  • inhibit type 2 sodium-glucose transporter

- prevents reabsoption of glucose in kidneys and keeps blood glucose low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which antihyperglycemic drug is a biguanide?

A. Sitagliptin
B. Rosiglitazone
C. Miglitol
D. Metformin
E. Liraglutanide
A

D. Metformin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which antihyperglycemic drug is an alpha-glucosidase?

A. Sitagliptin
B. Rosiglitazone
C. Miglitol
D. Metformin
E. Liraglutanide
A

C. Miglitol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which three antihyperglycemic drugs are thiazolidinediones?

A. Sitagliptin
B. Rosiglitazone
C. Miglitol
D. Metformin
E. Liraglutanide
A

A. Sitagliptin
B. Rosiglitazone
E. Liraglutanide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which drug is a dipeptidhyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor?

A. Sitagliptin
B. Rosiglitazone
C. Miglitol
D. Metformin
E. Liraglutanide
A

A. Sitagliptin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which drug is a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist?

A. Sitagliptin
B. Rosiglitazone
C. Miglitol
D. Metformin
E. Liraglutanide
A

E. Liraglutanide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which drug is a perixsome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist?

A. Sitagliptin
B. Rosiglitazone
C. Miglitol
D. Metformin
E. Liraglutanide
A

B. Rosiglitazone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which drug inhibits GI tract enzymes?

A. Sitagliptin
B. Rosiglitazone
C. Miglitol
D. Metformin
E. Liraglutanide
A

. Miglitol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which drug decreases glucose output from liver and increases glucose uptake in cells?

A. Sitagliptin
B. Rosiglitazone
C. Miglitol
D. Metformin
E. Liraglutanide
A

D. Metformin

17
Q

Which drug is incorrectly matched with their mechanism of action?

A. Sitagliptin - GLP-1 receptor agonist
B. Rosiglitazone - Increases gene transcription for glut-4, lipoprotein lipase and fatty acid transports
C. Miglitol - inhibit GI tract enzymes
D. Metformin - decrease glucose liver output
E. Liraglutanide - Inhibits glucagon secretion

A

A. Sitagliptin - GLP-1 receptor agonist

  • Is a DDP-4 inhibitor that blocks breakdown of GLP-1
18
Q

Which is NOT a toxicity of metformin?

A. Lactic acidosis
B. Diarrhea
C. Nausea
D. Pancreatitis

A

D. Pancreatitis

19
Q

Which is NOT a toxicity of acarbose?

A. Pain
B. Diarrhea
C. Headaches
D. GI disturbances

A

C. Headaches

20
Q

Which is NOT a toxicity/side effect of pioglitazone?

A. Vomiting
B. Hepatotoxicity
C. Congestive Heart Failure
D. Weight Gain

A

A. Vomiting

21
Q

Which is NOT a toxicity of Exenatide?

A. Pancreatitis
B. Nausea, Vomiting
C. Diarrhea
D. Thyroid Carcinoma
E. Analphylactic reactions
A

D. Thyroid Carcinoma

22
Q

Which is NOT a toxicity of Liraglutide?

A. Pancreatitis
B. Nausea, Vomiting
C. Diarrhea
D. Thyroid Carcinoma
E. Analphylactic reactions
A

E. Analphylactic reactions

23
Q

Which is NOT a toxicity of Linagliptin?

A. Pancreatitis
B. Headache
C. Hypersensitive reactions
D. Nasopharyngitis
E. Diarrhea
A

E. Diarrhea

Pharmacology (Test III) (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions