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Feline Infectious Diseases > Lecture 5 and 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 and 6 Flashcards

1
Q

In canine, what do core vaccines protect against

A
  • Canine distemper virus
  • Canine adenovirus
  • Canine parvovirus - 2 varients
  • Rabies virus
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2
Q

In canines, what are the non-core vaccines

A
  • Canine parainfluenzia
  • Canine influenzavirus
  • Bordetella bronchispetica
  • Leptospira serovars
  • Canine enteric coronavirus
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3
Q

In canines, what non-core vaccine is not recommended

A
  • Canine enteric coronavirus
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4
Q

In felines what are the core vaccines

A
  • Feline parvo
  • Feline herpies
  • Feline calicivirus
  • Rabies
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5
Q

In felines, what are the non-core vaccines

A
  • Feline leukaemia
  • Chlamydia
  • Bordetella bronchispetica
  • Feline immunodeficiency
  • Feline infectious peritonitis
  • Giardia
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6
Q

In felines, what non-core vaccine are not recommended

A
  • Feline infectious peritonitis
  • Giardia
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7
Q

When is the earliest to vaccinate in shelters

A

2-6 weeks. Revaccinate every 2 weeks until 20 weeks of age

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8
Q

How early can you give the bordertella vaccine

A

As early as 3 weeks

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9
Q

What is canine parvoviral myocarditis

A
  • Rare as most mothers are protected
  • Mayve be seen if unprotected puppies
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10
Q

What is the clinical signs of CPvE

A
  • Can be seen in any breed, age or sex
  • Disease is worst in young unvaccinated puppies 6 weeks to 6 months of age
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11
Q

What are the clinical features of CPV enteritis

A
  • Profound depression
  • Fever (40-41 degrees)
  • Vomiting with blood
  • Anorexia
  • Dehydration
  • Diarrhoea
  • Leucopenia, days 2-4
  • Sepsis, DIC, death
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12
Q

How to diagnose CPvE

A
  • History of compatible clinical signs in young dog that has not beed adequately vaccinated
  • Leucopenia on blood smear/haemogram
  • Faecal ELISA for parvoviral antigen detection
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13
Q

Prognosis with CPvE

A
  • With agressive therpay, 90% can recover
  • Pronosis better for pups that make it through 5 days
  • Younger animals and profoundly leucopenic aniamls, are reported to do worse
  • Imporving lymphocyte and monocyte counts are reported to be favourable prognostic signs
  • All cases are worth ‘giving a go’ if the owner is willing and able
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14
Q

Treatment of CPvE

A
  • Fluid therapy
    • Crystalloid
    • Colloid
    • Glucose
    • K+
  • Jugular catherter
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15
Q

CPvE monitoring suggestions

A
  • Body weight, body condition score: SID +
  • Hydration status: SID to QID
  • TRP: BID+
  • PCV?TPP: SID to BID
  • Blood glucose: SID+
  • +/- WBCC: EOD to SID
  • Electrolytes: SID to EOD
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16
Q

What does CPvE have no real treatment from

A
  • Anti-endotoxin therapies
  • NSAIDs
  • Human r-G-CSF
  • Motility-modifying anti-diarrhoeals
  • Interderon Omega seems to help
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17
Q

CPvE treatment during recovery

A
  • Offer water/ ice cubes/ 5% glucose by mouth once the vomiting is controlled
  • Offer soft food asap, soon after a taster stays down
  • Feed little and often, gradually increasing to meed calorific needs
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18
Q

What is CPvE prevention

A
  • Understand the ‘window of opportunity/susceptibility’ issue and therefore avoid exposing puppies to virus until one week after their final puppy vaccination at > 16 weeks of age
  • Use modern high-titre, low passage live attenuated vaccine intended for puppies whenever possible
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19
Q

How is parvo virus killed

A
  • Within 20 minutes at room temperature by:
    • House hold bleach
    • 4% formaldehyde
    • 1% glytaraldehyde
    • Peroxygen disinfectants
    • CLEAN FIRST THEN DISINFECT
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20
Q

Pathogenesis of CDV

A
  • Urine/ aerosol transmission; oropharyngeal lymphoid tissues; toher lymphoid organs; 10-14 days days PI invaded epithelia and CNS; demyelination, initially without inflammation
  • Many infections may be subclinical or mild
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21
Q

What are the clinical signs of CD

A
  • Severe, generalised distemper is seen in unvaccinated animals; typically puppies 12-16 weeks
  • Conjunctivitis: cough; fever; depression; anorexia; vomiting; diarrhoea
  • 1-3 weeks after recovery from above, see progressive hyperaesthesia, myoclonus, chewing gum seizures
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22
Q

What is seen when animals recover

A
  • Enalmel hypoplasia
  • Cardiomyopathy
  • Pustular dermatitis
  • Hyperkeratosis of foot-pads and nose
  • Retinitis
  • Lymphopenia +/- inclusions, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminaemia, hypocalcaemia
23
Q

How to diagnose CD

A
  • Clinical suspicion: characteristic signs in a dog with a poor or uncertain vaccination history
  • Antigen/antibody detection test
  • Nested-PCR and RT-PCR on urine
24
Q

What are the complications of CD

A
  • Old dog encephalitis
  • Rhenumatoid arthritis
  • Metaphyseal oesteopathy
  • Concurrent infections
25
Q

What is the prognosis of CD

A
  • Hinges on presence or absence of neurological signs and their secerity
  • Warn owners that neurological signs may develop in the futrure, even if they are absent whrn you start therapy
26
Q
A
27
Q

What are the treatment options for CD

A
  • Nursing support in a clean, warm, dry, environement
  • Broad spectrum antibiotic therapy +/- nebulisation and coupage of pneumotic
  • Anti-emetic i.v. fluid therapy as needed
  • +/- vit A - children benefit from 2x 200000IU doeses in first 5 days of measles
  • +/- Dexamethasone, anticonvulsants
28
Q

How to prevent CD

A
  • Modified live vaccines provide long-lasting, robust immunity: very occasionally ypu see a vaccine-induced distemper case
  • Vectored vaccines are even safer, but may provide shorter DOI; not 100% sure yet
  • Killed vaccine are less effective; sometimes used in wildlife species
  • Measles virus vaccine designed for dogs used to given to protect very young puppies
29
Q

How to get rid of infectious canine hepatitis

A
  • Steam cleaning and the more powerful disinfectants
  • Virus is excreted in the urine of recovered dogs for at least 6-9 months
30
Q

What is the pathogenesis infectious canine hepatitis

A
  • Direct cytotoxic effects of the virus on hepatocytes and endothelium in liver, kidneys, cornea
  • Immune complex vasculitis, bleeding, DIC
  • Immune complex damage to corneal endothelial cells, exacerbated by complement fixation and leucocyte chemotaxis
31
Q
A
32
Q

What are the clinical signs of infectious canine hepatitis

A
  • Fever
  • Vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain
  • Tonsillar/lymph node enlargement; +/- oedema of the head and neck
  • Haemorrhaging +/- abdominal effusion
  • Not usually icteric
  • These signs last 5-7 days Terminal CNS signs if dog doesnt survive
33
Q

What are the clinical findings of infectious canine hepatitis

A
  • Corneal opacity, blepharospasm, photophobia begin about day 7. Starts peripherally and later resolves from the periphery
  • Occasionally get sudden, early death; loke a poisoning case
34
Q
A
35
Q

How to diagnose infectious canine hepatitis

A
  • Compatible clinical signs in a young, unvaccinated dog
  • Early leucopenia, variably raised liver enzymes
  • Hyperbilirubinuria
  • Abnormal coagulogram
  • Developing corneal opacity
  • Specific test can be done if confirmation is needed
36
Q

How to treat infectious canine hepatitis

A
  • Supportive. The dog has fulminant, acute hepatic failure becuase of hepatocellular necosis; treat it accordingly
  • Fluid therapy
  • Manage DIC
  • Manage hepatic encephalopathy
  • Anticipate possible complications
37
Q

What is the prognosis of dogs with infectious canine hepatitis

A
  • Can and do revocer completely when intensive, thoughtful management is put in place
  • Some cases go onto develop progressive hepatic fibrosis, if the initial damage was too severe
  • Very probably not ture that CAV-1 persistence causes ‘chronic acitve hepatitis’
38
Q

How to prevent infectious canine hepatitis

A
  • Maternal Abs have a half life of 8.6 days
  • Most pups can be successfully immunized at 5-7 weeks of age
  • Modified live CAV-2 vaccines are in widespread use; they are judged safe and effective provoking long-lasting immunity
39
Q

Describe Canine Infectious Respiratory DIsease

A

Acute, highly contagious, very prevalent

40
Q

What is the aetiology of Canine Infectious Respiratory DIsease

A

Multiple agents involved, some major importance

41
Q
A
42
Q

What are the clinical signs of Canine Infectious Respiratory DIsease

A
  • Sudden-onset of a dry, hacking, paroxysmal cough
43
Q

What is the diagnosis of Canine Infectious Respiratory DIsease

A
  • History of exposure to risk 3-10 days earlier, compatible clinical signs, culture, PCR
44
Q
A
45
Q

How to manage Canine Infectious Respiratory DIsease

A
  • Excersise restriction for 2 weeks
  • Antitussive
  • +/- antibiotics
  • +/- mucolytic
  • +/- bronchodilator
  • +/- Anti-inflammatory dose of prednisone
  • +/- Nebulisation
46
Q
A
47
Q

How to prevent Canine Infectious Respiratory DIsease

A
  • Minimise exposure
  • Vaccinate
    • Intranasal
    • Intra oral
    • Parenteral
48
Q

Why does leptospirosis persist even with a vaccine

A

So many different serotypes

49
Q

Explain the pathogenesis of leptospirosis

A
  • Zoonotic
  • Urine-oral
  • Penetrates mucous mb. Goes to kidney, spleen, liver, eye, CNS, genitals
  • Fever, muscle pain, vomiting, dehydration, petechiation, renal failure +/- jaundice
  • Recovered dogs shed in urine for months
  • Cats get exposed, don’t seem to get disease
50
Q

How to diagnose leptospira

A
  • Culture
  • M.A.T.
  • PCR approaches
51
Q
A
52
Q

How to treat leptospira

A
  • Treat acute renal failure
  • Penicillin derivations for leptospiraemia
  • Doxycycline for leptospiruria
53
Q
A

Feline Infectious Diseases (3 decks)

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