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Feline Infectious Diseases > Lecture 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What causes cat flu and snuffles

A
  • Feine rhinotracheitis virus
  • Feline calicicivirus
  • Chlamydia felis
  • Bordetella bronchiseptica
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2
Q

Where is the cat flu and snuffles worse

A

I house with many cat, boarding catteries and breeding facilities

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3
Q

What are the main culprits of cat flu and snuffles

A
  • FRV
  • FCV
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4
Q

How many serotypes feline herpies 1 have

A

one

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5
Q

What sort of virus is feline herpies 1

A

Alpha herpies

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6
Q

How to kill calicivirus

A

1:32 bleach + detergent

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7
Q

Pathotypes

A

Lots if different strains that vary in pathogenicity

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8
Q

What is chlamydia felis

A

Obligate intracellular bacterium

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9
Q

What does chlamydia felis cause

A

Mostly conjunctivitis

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10
Q

How to kill chlamydia felis

A

1:1000 dilution of mostly quaternary ammonium disinfectants is enough to kill it

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11
Q

What is bordertella bronchiseptica

A
  • Aerobic, gram -ve coccobacillus
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12
Q

Signs of bordertella bronchiseptica

A

Fever, sneezing, nasal discharge, submandibular lymphadenopathy, increased lung sounds, mild coughing

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13
Q

Where is cat flu more common

A

House hold

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14
Q

What are the 3 ways cat flu persists

A
  • Passed directly from acutely infected to susceptible cats
  • Environmental persistance in discharges, on fomites
  • Recovered cats act as carriers
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15
Q

How cat flu is spread

A
  • Over-crowding, long intimate contact
  • Poor ventilation, poor hygine
  • Macrodroplets
    • Can be sneezed 1-2 meters
  • Fine aerosols
    • Not produced during normal feline respiration, not so important
  • Stress
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16
Q

FRV/FHV-1: where does the virus get into to and persists NB

A

Trigeninal ganglia

Intermitted shedding, particularly about one week after stress

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17
Q

What can shedders of FRV/FHV-1 show

A

Mild URT clinical signs when shedding

18
Q

What % of infected FRV/FHV-1 actually shed

A

50%

19
Q

How long does FCV carrier stage last

A

For life, but more often cats eventually clear the virus. Only 50% are still shedding by 75 days P.I.

20
Q

What happens in FCV carrier stage

A

Shed continuosuly

21
Q

Exam: what is the difference between FVC and FHV-1

A

Answer when know

22
Q

How long does shedding w/ C.felis last

A

Shedding lasts for 8-18 months P.I.

23
Q

Where is FRV located

A

Nasal, oral, conjunctival routes of infection

24
Q

Where does FRV replicate

A

Viral replication in nasal mucosa, nasopharynx, tonsils

25
Q

How long does shedding last with FRV

A

persists for 1-3 weeks

26
Q

What is the pathogenesis of FRV

A
  1. Primary infection - lytic, epithelial
  2. Neural latency - trigeminal, clinically silent; get recrudescence with stress or steroidal treatment
27
Q

What is the main target with C.felis

A

Conjunctival epithelium

28
Q

C.felis replication

A

Cytoplasmic inclusions

29
Q

C.felis: what happens to infected cells

A

Lyse after 48h

30
Q

FRV: what are the clinical findings

A
  • Severe URT disease, incubation 2-6 days
  • Depression, marked sneezing, inappetence, pyrexia, serous oculonasal discharge, conjunctivitis
  • Discharge later becomes mucopurulent
  • Oral ulceration is uncommon, corneal ulceration sometimes
  • Signs usually resolve in 10-20 days; but sometimes permanent damage
31
Q

FCV: clinical findings

A
  • Mild pyrexia, oral ulceration +/- conjunctivitis/pneumonia
  • Early depression, pyrexia, tongue ulcers
  • Maybe some sneezing, conjunctivitis
  • Wet fur, but not usually drooling
  • Maybe lameness
  • Chronic stomatis - gingivitis
32
Q

What is the incubation of C.felis

A

Inculation: 3-10 days

33
Q

What is initially seen with C.felis

A
  • Serous ocular discharge, blepharospasm, chemosis, hyperaemia
  • One eye, then the other
  • Later, mucopurulent discharge
  • Maybe mild sneezing and nasal discharge
  • Mostly resolve in 3-4 weeks, although mild signs may persists longer
34
Q

What are the diagnosis for URTID

A
  • PCR on small ‘snip’ conj. biopsies
  • Culture
  • IFA
  • Serology
35
Q

What is the general therapy for URTID

A
  • Good nursinf care, warmth
  • Aromatic foods
  • FLuid therapy if dehydrated
  • Airway humidification
  • Broad spectrum antibiotic therapy
  • Ophthalmic drugs
  • +/- tube feeding/oxazepam/ diazepam/ mirtazapine
36
Q

What are the specific herpies virus treatment

A
  • Triflurideine
  • Famciclovir
  • Need to treat often
37
Q

Chlamydia and Bordetella: therapy

A
  • Tetracyclines
  • Azithromycin ( too big of a gun when there is reasonable alternatives)
38
Q

What is snuffles

A

Sinonasal disease

  • A chronic complication of acute feline URTID
  • Persistent or recurrent bacterial infections, associated with copious mucopurulent discharge
  • Said to be secondary to permanent damage caused by the virus
39
Q
A
40
Q

Treatment for snuffles

A
  • Long term antibiotics
    • Lincomycin, clindamycin
  • Expectorants/mucolytics
    • Bromhexine hydrochlorine
  • Airway humidification
  • Surgical approaches
  • Anti-herpesvirus

Feline Infectious Diseases (3 decks)

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