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BIOL 121 > Lecture 5 and 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 and 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Proportion of body weight represented in water by man, woman and baby?

A

Man - 60%
Woman - 50%
Baby - 80%.

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2
Q

How much plasma, interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid makes up typical man?

A

Plasma - 3L.
Interstitial fluid - 12L.
Intracellular fluid - 25L.

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3
Q

How much water in foods, ingested liquids and tissue catabolism/day?

A

Foods - 700mL.
Ingested liquids - 1600mL.
Tissue catabolism - 200mL.

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4
Q

How much water lost to lungs, skin, kidney, intestine per day?

A

Lungs - 300mL.
Skin - 600mL.
Kidney - 1500mL.
Intestine - 100mL.

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5
Q

What is the Renal Corpuscle?

What occurs here?

A

Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule.

Filtration.

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6
Q

What enters Bowman’s capsule from glomerulus?

A

Water and all solutes, not protein.

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7
Q

Which arteriole entering/leaving glomerulus has larger diameter. What benefit does this have?

A

Afferent larger than efferent, therefore high pressure in glomerulus enabling filtering.

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8
Q

What is blocked by Glomerular endothelial cell pore?

A

Nothing.

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9
Q

What is blocked by basal lamina of glomerulus?

A

Large proteins.

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10
Q

What is blocked by slit membrane between pedicels?

A

Medium sized proteins.

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11
Q

What 6 things are reabsorbed back into the blood at the PCT, and how much of each?

A 
Water - 65% osmosis. 
Na+ - 65%.
Glucose - 100%.
Amino acids - 100%.
Cl- - 50%.
HCO3- - 80-90%.
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12
Q

What molecules are removed from the PCT via symporters?

A

Na+ and glucose.

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13
Q

What is secreted into PCT’s tubular fluid? And how much?

A

H+,
NH4+,
Urea.

All 3 vary.

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14
Q

Why are lots of mitochondria present in PCT?

A

Active transport in PCT requires lots of energy.

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15
Q

Why are microvilli present in PCT?

A

Enables large S.A. for resorption.

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16
Q

Why does water move out of descending Limb of Henle via osmosis?

A

Because medulla solute concentration (interstitial fluid) increases to 1200mOsm/L.

17
Q

Is the tubular fluid very concentrated at hairpin of loop of henle?

A

Yes.

18
Q

What diffuses into medulla interstitial fluid at base of LoH?

A

NaCl.

19
Q

What is actively transported out of ascending loop of Henle further away from the hairpin?
What does this create?

A

NaCl.

Creates salt concentration gradient in medulla.

20
Q

Is the ascending limb of the LoH permeable to water?

A

No, impermeable.

21
Q

What is resorbed back into blood in the DCT, and how much?

A

Water - 10-15% osmosis.
Na+ - 5%.
Cl- - 5%.

22
Q

How is the amount of Na+ and H2O resorption increased in the DCT?

A

Increased by action of Aldosterone - enables more H2O resorption by osmosis.

23
Q

What is secreted into DCT in variable amounts?

A

H+,
K+,
NH4+,
Urea.

24
Q

What’s resorbed back into the blood in the collecting duct?

A

Water,
Na+,
Urea.

25
Q

What’s secreted into the collecting duct?

A

K+,

H+.

26
Q

Why is H+ secreted into collecting duct?

A

Can act to control blood pH.

27
Q

What does ADH cause in the collecting duct?

A

Insertion of aquaporin II water channels into principal cells of collecting duct so concentrated urine made.

28
Q

2 types of nephron?

A

Juxtamedullary nephron - deep into medulla.

Cortical nephron - shallower, but more.

29
Q

Blood vessels associated with LoH?

A

Vasa recta.

30
Q

What hormone prevents water loss?

A

ADH = vasopressin.

31
Q

What causes an increase in renin release?

A

Decrease in BP/volume.

32
Q

What does renin cause?

A

Angiotensinogen to form Angiotensin II.

33
Q

What 3 things does Angiotensin II cause?

A

Arterioles to constrict, decreasing blood flow in glomerulus, filtering out less fluid and increasing BP.
Increases reabsorption of NaCl and water in PCT, increasing blood volume.
Secretion of aldosterone, causing DCT to reabsorb more Na and H2O, causing increase in BP and vol.

34
Q

What causes thirst?

A

Angiotensin II.

35
Q

When is ANP produced?

A

When atria of the heart stretch.

36
Q

What is natriuresis?

A

Loss of Na+ and Cl- in urine.

BIOL 121 (5 decks)

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