Lecture 3

Question 1

Function and location of non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 1

Function: Absorption and secretion.
Location: Digestive Tract, Gall bladder, some excretory glands.

Question 2

Function and location of ciliated simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 2

Function: Moves mucous and other substances.
Location: Upper respiratory tract, fallopian tubes.

Question 3

Function and location of pseudo stratified columnar?

Answer 3

Function: Secretion, usually mucous.
Location: Upper respiratory tract.

Question 4

Function and location of stratified squamous?

Answer 4

Function: Protection from abrasion.
Location: Oesophagus, epidermis (keratinised)

Question 5

Function and location of stratified cuboidal?

Answer 5

Function: Protection.
Location: Large ducts of glands.

Question 6

Function and location of stratified columnar?

Answer 6

Function: Protection, secretion.
Location: Urethra, excretory ducts of some glands.

Question 7

Function and location of transitional epithelium?

Answer 7

Function: Permits distension.
Location: Bladder, ureter, urethra.

Question 8

2 types of glandular epithelium?

Answer 8

Endocrine - ductless, typically secrete hormones.
Exocrine - Unicellular - goblet cells secrete mucin.
- Multicellular - simple or compound.

Question 9

3 types of cellular secretion? And how each works?

Answer 9

Merocrine - secretory vesicles released.
Apocrine - pinched off portion of cell is secretion.
Holocrine - Mature cell dies, becoming secretory product.

Question 10

6 functions of Connective tissue?

Answer 10

Binds, supports and strengthens other tissue.
Protects and insulates.
Major transport systems.
Compartmentalises.
Energy storage.
Immune function.

Question 11

Two components of CT?

Answer 11

Intracellular (ICM) and extracellular (ECM) matrix.

Question 12

Is CT vascular and innervated?

Answer 12

Yes, except cartilage.

Question 13

CT cell types?

Answer 13

Fibroblasts, macrophages, RBCs, adipocytes, chondrocytes, WBCs.

Question 14

What does ECM consist of?

Answer 14

Ground substance, and protein fibres.

Question 15

3 types of protein fibre in ECM? And description of each?

Answer 15

Collagen - non elastic, strong and flexible.
Elastic - rubbery.
Reticular thin and branched collagen with other proteins.

Question 16

What type of CT is found in embryos, and what does it do?

Answer 16

Mesenchyme - forms other kinds of CT.

Question 17

6 types of mature CT?

Answer 17

Loose CT, Dense CT, Cartilage, Bone, Blood, Lymph.

Question 18

What type of substance is Areolar CT?

Are the 3 fibres bunched together?

Answer 18

Semifluid ground.

No, loosely dispersed.

Question 19

What acts as a shock absorber and insulator in subcutaneous tissue?

Answer 19

Adipose (loose CT).

Question 20

What forms stroma in reticular organs (lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow).

Answer 20

Reticular (loose CT).

Question 21

What is closely packed Collagen fibres?

And where are these found?

Answer 21

Dense CT.

Areas where tension is exerted in a single direction along axis of fibre, e.g. tendons, ligaments.

Question 22

Two types of Dense CT?

Where is each found?

Answer 22

Dense irregular CT, dermis of skin

elastic CT, lung tissue and arteries.

Question 23

What is the most widely distributed cartilage?

Hint: this also forms articular cartilage at ends of long bones.

Answer 23

Hyaline.

Question 24

Where is elastic cartilage found?

Answer 24

External ear.

Question 25

Where is fibrocartilage found?

Answer 25

Where strong support needed, e.g. intervertebral discs.

Question 26

What are the strongest and weakest cartilages?

Answer 26

Strongest - fibrocartilage.

Weakest - Hyaline cartilage.

Question 27

What CT has a matrix of inorganic sodium salts?

Answer 27

Bone.

Question 28

What does bone do?

Answer 28

Stores fat, synthesises blood cells.