Lecture 5: Anatomy And Function Of The Nervous System Flashcards
1
Q
hypothalamus
A
- lies below (hypo) the 2 thalami
- directs several maintenance activities like hunger/eating, thirst/drinking, body temperature, fatigue/sleep, and control of emotions
- links the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland
- part of limbic system
2
Q
basal ganglia (basal nuclei)
A
- subcortical structure derived from ventral telencephalon
- composed of
- caudate nucleus (from telencephalon)
- putamen (from telencephalon)
- globus pallidus (from diencephalon)
- subthalamic nucleus
- substantia nigra (from midbrain)
- situated around thalamus
- sends info to thalamus in the control of movement
- functions in movement, cognition, and reward
3
Q
limbic system
A
- doughnut-shaped system of neural structures of the cerebrum
- at the border of the brainstem
- associated with memory (hippocampus) and emotions/drives
- 5 main components:
- amygdala
- hippocampus
- nucleus accumbens (ventral striatum)
- hypothalamus
- cingulate gyrus (cingulate cortex)
- sometimes referred to as the 5th lobes
- amygdala and hippos campus located in temporal lobe
- derived from telencephalon
4
Q
brainstem
A
- composed of medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain
- functions as conduction pathway, in cardiovascular system control, pain sensitivity control, alertness, awareness, and consciousness
5
Q
cerebellum
A
- helps coordinate voluntary movements and balance
- functions in skilled movements
- plays a role in cognition
6
Q
brain ventricles
A
a set of structures in the brain that contain CSF and are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord
7
Q
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
A
- nervous system floats in CSF that is continually produced
- generated by ependymal cells that line the ventricles (the choroid plexus)
- the entire CSF is replaced 4x daily
8
Q
meninges
A
- 3 membranes that cover brain and spinal cord
- comprised of
- dura mater
- arachnoid
- pia mater
9
Q
dura mater
A
- most superior layer of meninges
- tough & thick membrane that restricts movement of the brain within the skull
- protects the brain from movements that may stretch and break blood vessels
10
Q
arachnoid
A
- middle layer of meninges
- arachnoid granulation/arachnoid villi transfer CSF from the ventricles back into bloodstream
11
Q
pia mater
A
- innermost layer of the meninges
- adheres closely to the brain, running down into the sulci and fissures of cortex
- fuses with ependyma to form the choroid plexes which produce CSF
12
Q
From what structure do vertebral arteries and internal carotid arteries branch to provide the entire blood supply of the brain and spinal cord?
A
the dorsal aorta
13
Q
What are the 2 main categories of nerves in the PNS?
A
- cranial nerves
- spinal nerves
14
Q
spinal nerves
A
- carry impulses to and from spinal cord
- emerge from segments of the spinal cord
- are always mixed
- 31 pairs in humans
15
Q
cranial nerves
A
- carry impulses to and from the brain
- emerge directly from the brain (I &II) or brainstem (III-XII)
- cranial nerves I and II are part of CNS, while cranial nerves III-XII are part of the PNS
