Lecture 5

Question 1

When Ab molecule is bound to a B cell what does it act as

Answer 1

Antigen receptor

Question 2

When is the humeral immune response initiated

Answer 2

Ag binds to BCR

Question 3

What can antibodies be known as

Answer 3

Immunoglobulin

Question 4

What are antibodies made by

Answer 4

Specialiased B lymphocytes

Question 5

What does exposure of Ab to Ag do

Answer 5

Induces the production of antibodies

Question 6

What is the function of an antibody (4)

Answer 6

1. Enhance phagocytosis
2. Enhances complement mediated killing
3. Neutralise toxins
4. Prevent pathogen attachment

Question 7

Where do B cells develop

Answer 7

bone marrow

Question 8

What do B cells do when they mature

Answer 8

leave bone marrow via blood and end up in lymph nodes, spleen or MALT

Question 9

What do B cells receive help from after binding their Ag

Answer 9

CD4 T cells

Question 10

What sort of molecules are antibodies

Answer 10

Effector molecules

Question 11

What do B cells differentiate into

Answer 11

Long-lived plasma cells that secrete Ab or memory B cells

Question 12

What do T and B cell form together

Answer 12

Germinal centres

Question 13

What are germinal centres

Answer 13

Sites of rapid B cell proliferation and differentation and Ig class switching

Question 14

Which cell decides what type of Ig is made

Answer 14

T cells signal B cells

Question 15

What do B cells become in the germinal centre

Answer 15

Ab-secreting plasma cells or memory B cells

Question 16

Functions of Ab (4)

Answer 16

1. Neutraisation of microorganisms and toxins
2. Opsonisation and phagocytosis
3. Ab + complement = classical pathway of complement activation –> lysis of bacteria
4. Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity; Ab forms bridge between microbe/host cell and killer cell

Question 17

What is stronger and quicker: memory response or primary response

Answer 17

Memory response

Question 18

Clinical use of Ab (5)

Answer 18

1. Disease diagnosis
2. Blood typing, transfusion compatibility testing
3. Transplantation testing/match and monitoring
4. Immunotherapy
5. Vaccine testing

Question 19

How can adaptive immunity go wrong (3)

Answer 19

1. Over exuberant immune response
2. Microbes have evolved clever ways of evading immunity
3. If the host defence is compromised infectious disease is established more easily

Question 20

When an immunoglobulin is released by the B cell and free in circulation, what will it act as

Answer 20

An antibody

Question 21

Where do B cells develop in birds

Answer 21

Bursa

Question 22

Where do B cells enter the follicles (2)

Answer 22

1. Lymph nodes

2. White pulp of spleen

Question 23

Where does the immune response usually start if located in blood

Answer 23

Spleen

Question 24

Where does the immune response usually start if located in tissue

Answer 24

lymph node