Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the innate immune response (4)

A
  1. Genetic susceptibility
  2. Physical and chemical barriers
  3. Cells
  4. Protein molecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is inflammation

A

Non-specific response to tissue injury. It is the process by which cells of the immune system and their products are concentrated at site of infection or tissue damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does PAMPs stand for

A

Pathogen associated molecular patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How are PAMPs recognised

A

by Toll-like receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does inflammation lead to

A

increased blood flow and increased vascular permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Study slide 8

A

!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does inflammation initiate the immune response

A
  1. stimulus
  2. Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) on sensor cell surfaces get activated
  3. Signals are passed on
  4. Specific genes switched on
  5. proinflammatory proteins secreted
  6. Cells activates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the cell type that can discriminate between self and non-self

A

Sensor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are inflammatory mediators 1 derived from

A

Plasma and cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List 3 inflammatory mediators 2

A
  1. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes
  2. Lysosomal components
  3. Nitric oxide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do sentinel cells produce

A

Cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What effect to sentinel cells have

A

Local and systemic effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a complement

A

a group of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does a complement system do

A
  1. Help to recruit phagocytes to site of inflammation and activate them
  2. Bind to receptors on phagocytes, helping to remove agent of infection
  3. form pores in the invader or infected cell’s membrane
  4. Active mast cells to release histamine and other factors
  5. Complement proteins C3, C5, C4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 3 pathways of activation in the complement system

A
  1. Alternative
  2. Classical
  3. Lectin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is essential to all complement pathways

A

C3

17
Q

What do monocytes develop into

A

macrophages

18
Q

Where are phagocytic cells attracted

A

Site of infection by chemicals given off by dying cells

19
Q

Characteristic of neutrophils (3)

A
  1. Arrive first at site of infection or damage
  2. Engulf pathogens and dead cell remains
  3. Release chemical that kill nearby bacteria and attract other phagocytes
20
Q

What do macrophages circulate in the blood as

A

Monocytes

21
Q

When do they arrive at infection site

A

After neutrophils

22
Q

What do macrophages do

A

Engulf pathogens and dead cell remains

23
Q

How do phagocytes get to site of infection

A
  1. circulate in blood

2. Refer to lecture slide

24
Q

What is a fever

A

Systemic response to infection, it often accompanies inflammation.

25
Q

Positive effects of a fever on bodily function (3)

A
  1. indicates a reaction to infection
  2. stimulate phagocytosis
  3. slow bacterial growth
26
Q

Negative effects of a fever on bodily function

A

Extreme heat can cause enzyme denaturation and interruption of normal biochemical reactions

27
Q

Describe the acute phase response 1

A

Refer to lecture

28
Q

Describe the acute phase response 2

A

Refer to lecture slide

29
Q

Define acute inflammation

A

Occurs within minutes of tissue insult

30
Q

What are the signs of acute inflammation (4)

A
  1. Redness - vasodilation, increased blood flow
  2. Swelling
  3. Pain - release of chemicals that stimulate nerve endings
  4. Heat - increased blood flow at core body temp to site
31
Q

What is the difference between chronic inflammation and acute inflammation (4)

A
  1. Lymphocyte, macrophage, plasma cell infiltration
  2. Granuloma may be present
  3. Tissue destruction by inflammatory cells
  4. Attempts at repair with fibrosis and angiogenesis
32
Q

What are the 5 signs of inflammation

A
  1. Pain
  2. Heat
  3. Swelling
  4. Redness
  5. Loss of function
33
Q

What does IL-1B activate

A

Vascular endothelium and lymphocytes

34
Q

What does TNF-a activate

A

Vascular endothelium and increases permeability

35
Q

What does IL-6 activate

A

Lymphocyte activation

36
Q

Where do the MBL cells bind (lectin pathway)

A

Sugars on the pathogen

Immunology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions