Lecture 5

Question 1

Empiric Therapy

Answer 1

Guessing using broad-spectrum AB

Question 2

Definitive (targeted) Therapy

Answer 2

Narrow Spectrum using AB after infection has been identified

Question 3

Prophylactic Therapy

Answer 3

Prevent an infection from starting

For high risk of life threatening infection

Question 4

Use of AB

Answer 4

1. Patient Factors
2. Pharmacological Factors (delivery)
3. MIcrobiological Factors(bacteria itself)

Question 5

Disk Diffusion Method

Answer 5

1. Bacteria on growth media
2. add filter disk and create Concentration Gradient
3. 24 hours
4. Look for zone of growth inhibition

(test multiple and measure zone)

Question 6

Tube Dilution Method

Answer 6

1. Dilute AB in liquid
2. Add bacteria
3. Monitor

Determine Minimum Inhibitory Conc. (MIC) =Lowest Conc. of AB that will prevent growth

Dosage = 3-5x MIC

Question 7

Antibiogram

Answer 7

Record of susceptibility to AB in your area

Question 8

Mechanisms of AB resistance

Answer 8

1. Breakdown of AB enzymes
2. Pump out AB, or prevent from entering cell
   3, Modify target of AB

Question 9

How do bacteria become resistant

Answer 9

1. Spontaneous mutation in DNA
2. Obtain new resistance genes

Key: Strong selective pressure to become resistant

Question 10

Selective pressure comes from:

Answer 10

1. Widespread non-human use of AB
2. Use/overuse of AB in human medicine
3. Patient non-compliance(Failure to take drugs as prescribed)

Question 11

Combatting AB resistance

Answer 11

1. New AB

2. Better Manage AB