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MCIM 223 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cell Size (Av. 2 Micrometer)

A

High Surface to volume = Nutr./wste in/out quickly = rapid cell growth

Can occupy a small space

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2
Q

Cell Appearance

A

Bacillus (Rod)

Coccus (round)

Spirochete (spiral)

Singles, pairs, clusters, or chains

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3
Q

Cytoplasm

A

DNA site (Chromosome and plasmids)

Site of biochemical reactions

  • Biosynthetic enzymes
  • Nutrient Storage sites
  • Ribosomes (protein synthesis)

Proc. vs. euc. ribosomes = Same function =/ Different structure

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4
Q

Neg. wall/envelope

A

A. PM
B. Peptidoglycan (thin) (one or two layers)
C. Outer Membrane

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5
Q

Pos. Wall/envelope

A

A. PM

B. Peptidoglycan (Thick) (Several dozen PG)

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6
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Phospholipid Layer + Embedded proteins

Functions: Permeability Barrier: Leakage of cytoplasmic

Metabolic Proteins: Biosynthetic and energy generating proteins

Transport nutr. in/out

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7
Q

Peptidoglycan (PG)

A

Found only in bacteria (Not in eukaryotic cells)

2 units of carbs + 4 amino acids

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8
Q

PG

A

Broken by certain enzymes

Gram Strain based on structural difference of PG thickness

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9
Q

Outer Membrane (gram Neg. only)

A

Porins

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (3 part lipid + carb structure)

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10
Q

LPS / Endotoxin (Only in bacteria)

A

Lipid A anchors LPS to outer membrane (Causes shock, inflammation, fever)

O antigen is exposed in the environment (stimulates the immune system)

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11
Q

Non Pyrogenic

A

No Bacteria

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12
Q

Acid Fast Bacteria (eg. Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

A

Envelope = Inner membrane + Peptidoglycan + Mycolic acid outer layer

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13
Q

Mycolic acids:

A

Waxy fatty acids

Resistance to germicides, environmental stresses

Stains are difficult to remove => Acid - Fast

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14
Q

Atypical Bacteria

A

Mycoplasma

Chlamydia

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15
Q

Mycoplasma

A
  • mild pneumonia
  • no PG; OM -> single phospholipid membrane

Fragile due to lack of PG

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16
Q

Chlamydia

A

-No PG -> IM + OM

Fragile due to lack of PG

17
Q

Flagella

A

Mobility

18
Q

Pili (Fimriae)

A

Attaches

Sex pili: Bacteria
Common pili (required to cause disease) = Eukaryotic cells and tissues
19
Q

Capsular Polysaccharide

A

Surrounds entire cell
Appears slimy
Pathogenic/environmental bacteria

Protection
Attachment (biofilm)

20
Q

Bio Film

A

Bacteria attached via Capsular Polysaccharide (Helps persist)

Single = Human infections
Multi = Natural environments

60% of bacterial infections

Form on Medical devices (Hard to remove with antibiotics)

21
Q

Bacteria Spores (endoSpores)

A

Bacteria cell (mostly gram positive) vegetative (growing) form into dormant form (spore)

triggered by environmental stress

DNA encased in PG coat

RESISTANT

MCIM 223 (21 decks)

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