Lecture 5 - 7 Human Genome 1

Question 1

VNTR copy number is largely unique to an individual, especially when assessing copy number for numerous throughout the genome.

Answer 1

VNTR loci

Question 2

The human genome can be divided into three classes of sequences:

single copy, moderately repetitive, and ________ repetitive.

Answer 2

Highly

Question 3

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifies discreet segments of DNA defined on either side by a _____________. The amplification is done in vitro. The primers can synthesized to represent any desired sequence.

Answer 3

Primer

Question 4

There is an apparent excess of genomic DNA compared with the amount that could be expected to code for __________.

Answer 4

Protein Coding Genes

Question 5

Single copy DNA sequences have no characteristic limit on size, and almost every ________ is single-copy DNA. However, not all single-copy DNA codes for a protein or is part of a gene.

Answer 5

Gene

Question 6

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from an ancestral gene is called a ________ family.

Answer 6

Gene

Question 7

Supergene families are composed of partially ___________ genes. Sometimes a relationship can be discerned in the form of a common overall organization among genes whose roles apparently are not related. This occurs as the result of extensive variation from a common ancestor.

Answer 7

Homologous

Question 8

Gene clusters are composed of homologous genes encoding proteins with closely related ___________. Gene clusters range from extremes where a duplication has generated two adjacent related genes to cases where hundreds of identical genes lie in a tandem array.

Answer 8

Molecular Function/Physical Location

Question 9

_____________ repetitive DNA sequences, like ribosomal RNA genes and histone genes, meet the need for large amounts of the product encoded by these genes.

Answer 9

Moderately

Question 10

Telomeric repetitive sequences are found at the ________ of the linear DNA molecule in chromosomes.

___________of chromosomes prevent chromosome degradation and fusion.

Answer 10

Ends

Telomers

Question 11

___________ are the point on the DNA where the kinetochore forms.

Kinetochores are the part of the chromosome to which the __________fibers (microtubules) attach.

Answer 11

Centromeres

Spindle

Question 12

The centromeric region of a chromosome is required for proper __________ of chromosomes during __________.

Answer 12

Segregation

Mitosis

Question 13

a useful starting point for accessing a very large amount of human genome project data, including ________________.

Answer 13

CPS islands and SNPs

Question 14

Detailed information regarding genetic changes in cancer can be obtained from the

Answer 14

Catalog of Somatic Mutation in Cancer (COSMIC)

Question 15

A list of patient samples, with associated information regarding the mutations and gene expression for the samples, can be had at the (The cancer genome atlas), which is available through cBioPortal.

Answer 15

cancer genome atlas

Question 16

In general, COSMIC is more user friendly for basic information regarding cancer-related genes and genome changes in cancer, such as or gene-gene fusions

Answer 16

copy number variations

Question 17

cBioPortalis usually more useful for , i.e., a lot of the TCGA data has yet to be “mined”.

Answer 17

bioinformatics studies